Al-Jawāb as-Sahīh li-man baddala dīn al-MasīhIbn Taimiya

Section: Disproving what the Christians mean by God “appearing” in Jesus

They say:
“For that reason He appeared in Jesus son of Mary: humankind is the noblest creature God has fashioned, so He addressed the creation through him, and people witnessed from Him what they witnessed.”

We reply:
If you claim that His appearance in Jesus is the same as His appearance in Abraham, Moses, and Muhammad—peace and blessings be upon them—or like His appearance in the houses which Allah has permitted to be raised and where His name is mentioned—namely, the manifestation of His light and knowledge, the remembrance of His names, and His worship, and the like, without His essence indwelling in or uniting with human beings—then this is something Jesus shares with others; it is not his exclusive privilege. This, too, may be called “indwelling,” for in your view God indwells the righteous, and this is recorded in some of your divine books. In the fourth Psalm of the Zabur, for example, David—peace be upon him—addresses his Lord, saying:
“Let those who put their trust in You rejoice forever; let them exult, for You will dwell among them and they will glory.”
Thus he states that He dwells in the mentioned righteous ones, proving that the matter is not unique to the Messiah. Moreover—by the unanimous agreement of both Christians and Muslims—this passage is certainly not meant to suggest that God’s very essence unites with human beings so that the divinity and humanity merge like fire with iron or water with milk.

[فَصْلٌ: تَفْنِيدُ مُرَادِ النَّصَارَى بِظُهُورِ اللَّهِ فِي عِيسَى] قَالُوا: وَلِذَلِكَ ظَهَرَ فِي عِيسَى ابْنِ مَرْيَمَ، إِذِ الْإِنْسَانُ أَجَلُّ مَا خَلَقَهُ اللَّهُ، وَلِهَذَا خَاطَبَ الْخَلْقَ، وَشَاهَدُوا مِنْهُ مَا شَاهَدُوا. فَيُقَالُ: إِنِ ادَّعَيْتُمْ ظُهُورَهُ فِي عِيسَى كَمَا ظَهَرَ فِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَمُوسَى وَمُحَمَّدٍ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَسَلَامُهُ، وَكَمَا يَظْهَرُ فِي بُيُوتِهِ الَّتِي أَذِنَ اللَّهُ أَنْ تُرْفَعَ وَيُذْكَرَ فِيهَا اسْمُهُ، وَذَلِكَ بِظُهُورِ نُورِهِ وَمَعْرِفَتِهِ، وَذِكْرِ أَسْمَائِهِ وَعِبَادَتِهِ وَنَحْوِ ذَلِكَ، مِنْ غَيْرِ حُلُولِ ذَاتِهِ فِي الْبَشَرِ وَلَا اتِّحَادِهِ بِهِ، فَهَذَا أَمْرٌ مُشْتَرَكٌ بَيْنَ الْمَسِيحِ وَغَيْرِهِ فَلَا اخْتِصَاصَ لِلْمَسِيحِ بِهَذَا، وَهَذَا أَيْضًا قَدْ يُسَمَّى حُلُولًا، وَعِنْدَهُمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَحُلُّ فِي الصَّالِحِينَ، وَهَذَا مَذْكُورٌ عِنْدَهُمْ فِي بَعْضِ الْكُتُبِ الْإِلَهِيَّةِ، كَمَا فِي كُتُبِهِمْ فِي الْمَزْمُورِ الرَّابِعِ مِنَ الزَّبُورِ، يَقُولُ دَاوُدُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ فِي مُنَاجَاتِهِ لِرَبِّهِ: وَلِيَفْرَحَ الْمُتَوَكِّلُونَ عَلَيْكَ إِلَى الْأَبَدِ، وَيَبْتَهِجُونَ، وَتَحُلُّ فِيهِمْ وَيَفْتَخِرُونَ. فَأَخْبَرَ أَنَّهُ يَحُلُّ فِي الصَّالِحِينَ الْمَذْكُورِينَ، فَعُلِمَ أَنَّ هَذَا لَا اخْتِصَاصَ لِلْمَسِيحِ بِهِ، وَلَيْسَ الْمُرَادُ بِهَذَا - بِاتِّفَاقِهِمْ وَاتِّفَاقِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ - أَنَّ ذَاتَ اللَّهِ نَفْسِهِ تَتَّحِدُ بِالْبَشَرِ، وَيَصِيرُ اللَّاهُوتُ وَالنَّاسُوتُ كَالنَّارِ وَالْحَدِيدِ، وَالْمَاءِ وَاللَّبَنِ،

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