and many others besides, including some who lived in places other than Mecca and Medina. When he reached Medina, he made a covenant with those Jews who had not believed in him; they then violated the treaty, so he expelled some of them and killed others because they had waged war against Allah and His Messenger. He fought them repeatedly: he fought Banu al-Nadir—about whom Allah, exalted be He, revealed Surah al-Hashr; he fought Qurayzah in the Year of the Confederates, whom Allah mentions in Surah al-Ahzab; he had already fought Banu Qaynuqaʿ, and after these