Al-Jawāb as-Sahīh li-man baddala dīn al-MasīhIbn Taimiya

Through this example He made clear that, were the Creator of the universe ever to sleep, the universe itself would come to ruin. The Exalted then says:
“To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on earth. Who is there that can intercede with Him except by His permission?” [al-Baqarah 255]

His categorical denial that anyone may intercede with Him except by His leave implies the perfection of His sovereignty over everything in the heavens and on earth and affirms that He has no partner. If someone were able to intercede before Him without His permission and He accepted that intercession, the intercessor would become a co-owner, for his plea would be a cause that moves the One petitioned. In contrast, the One before whom no one can intercede except with His leave stands alone in dominion, possessing no partner in any respect.

He, sublime is He, also says:
“He knows what lies before them and what is behind them, and they do not encompass anything of His knowledge except what He wills.” [al-Baqarah 255]

By negating that anyone can possess any portion of His knowledge except by His will, the verse affirms that He alone imparts knowledge: He is the Knower of all things, and no one knows anything except through His teaching, as the angels declared:
“We have no knowledge except what You have taught us; indeed, You are the All-Knowing, the All-Wise.” [al-Baqarah 32]

He, the Exalted, then says:
“His Footstool extends over the heavens and the earth, and preserving them does not fatigue Him.” [al-Baqarah 255]

بَيَّنَ بِهَذَا الْمَثَلِ أَنَّ خَالِقَ الْعَالَمِ لَوْ نَامَ لَنَفِدَ الْعَالَمُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ - تَعَالَى -: {لَهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ مَنْ ذَا الَّذِي يَشْفَعُ عِنْدَهُ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ} [البقرة: ٢٥٥] . فَإِنْكَارُهُ وَنَفْيُهُ أَنْ يَشْفَعَ أَحَدٌ عِنْدَهُ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ يَتَضَمَّنُ كَمَالَ مُلْكِهِ لِمَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ، وَأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ لَهُ شَرِيكٌ، فَإِنَّ مَنْ شَفَعَ عِنْدَهُ غَيْرُهُ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِهِ وَقَبِلَ شَفَاعَتَهُ كَانَ مُشَارِكًا لَهُ إِذْ صَارَتْ شَفَاعَتُهُ سَبَبًا لِتَحْرِيكِ الْمَشْفُوعِ إِلَيْهِ، بِخِلَافِ مَنْ لَا يَشْفَعُ عِنْدَهُ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ فَإِنَّهُ مُنْفَرِدٌ بِالْمُلْكِ لَيْسَ لَهُ شَرِيكٌ بِوَجْهٍ مِنَ الْوُجُوهِ. ثُمَّ قَالَ - تَعَالَى -: {يَعْلَمُ مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمَا خَلْفَهُمْ وَلَا يُحِيطُونَ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ عِلْمِهِ إِلَّا بِمَا شَاءَ} [البقرة: ٢٥٥] . فَنَفَى أَنْ يَعْلَمَ أَحَدٌ شَيْئًا مِنْ عِلْمِهِ إِلَّا بِمَشِيئَتِهِ لَيْسَ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ مُنْفَرِدٌ بِالتَّعْلِيمِ، فَهُوَ الْعَالِمُ بِالْمَعْلُومَاتِ، وَلَا يَعْلَمُ أَحَدٌ شَيْئًا إِلَّا بِتَعْلِيمِهِ، كَمَا قَالَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ: {لَا عِلْمَ لَنَا إِلَّا مَا عَلَّمْتَنَا إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْعَلِيمُ الْحَكِيمُ} [البقرة: ٣٢] ثُمَّ قَالَ - تَعَالَى -: {وَسِعَ كُرْسِيُّهُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ وَلَا يَئُودُهُ حِفْظُهُمَا} [البقرة: ٢٥٥]

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