“Al-ṭawāghī” is the plural of ṭāghiyah, meaning idols. Hence the Prophet’s saying: “This is the ṭāghiyah of Daws,” that is, their idol and object of worship. In a narration outside Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim the wording appears as “bil-ṭaghawīt,” the plural of ṭāghūt, which refers to Satan and to idols.

1718 – Buraydah, may Allah be pleased with him, reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, “Whoever swears by al-amānah (the trust) is not one of us.” (1) An authentic hadith recorded by Abu Dawud with a sound chain.

1719 – He likewise related that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, “Whoever, when swearing an oath, declares, ‘I am innocent of Islam,’ then if he is lying he is as he claimed, and if he is truthful he will never return to Islam unharmed.” Narrated by Abu Dawud.

1720 – Ibn ʿUmar, may Allah be pleased with them both, heard a man say, “No, by the Kaʿbah.” Ibn ʿUmar said, “Do not swear by anything other than Allah, for I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say, ‘Whoever swears by other than Allah has committed disbelief or idolatry.’” Reported by al-Tirmidhi, who graded it ḥasan (sound).

Some scholars explained the Prophet’s words “has disbelieved or associated partners” as a severe warning (taghlīẓ), just as it is related (2) that the Prophet ﷺ said, “Showing off is shirk.”

315 – Chapter: The gravity of willfully taking a false oath

1721 – Ibn Masʿūd, may Allah be pleased with him, reported that the Prophet ﷺ said, “Whoever swears, without right, concerning the property of a Muslim will meet Allah while He is angry with him.” He added, “Then the Prophet recited to us …”

(1) I.e., invoking “the trust” as the object of one’s oath.
(2) The report is cited as supporting evidence for the sternness of the prohibition.