Riyad al-Salihin - Al-Nawawi - (1/295)

Riyad al-SalihinAl-Nawawi

—more modest than a maiden (1) secluded in her own chamber. Whenever he saw something he disliked, we could read it in his face. Agreed upon.

The scholars said: The essence of modesty is a disposition that drives one to avoid what is blameworthy and keeps a person from falling short in giving every right-holder his due. We have also transmitted from Abū al-Qāsim al-Junayd—may Allah have mercy on him—who said: “Modesty is to behold the favors (that is, the blessings) and to behold one’s own shortcomings; the state that arises between the two is called modesty.” Allah knows best.

85 – Chapter: Guarding Secrets

Allah the Exalted says: “And fulfill the covenant; indeed, the covenant will be questioned about.” (Al-Isrāʾ 17:34)

690 – Abū Saʿīd al-Khudrī (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, “Among the worst of people with Allah in status on the Day of Resurrection is a man who is intimate with his wife and she with him, and then he spreads her secret.” Muslim narrated it.

691 – ʿAbd Allah ibn ʿUmar (may Allah be pleased with them both) related that when his daughter Ḥafṣah became free of her previous marriage, ʿUmar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: “I met ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān (may Allah be pleased with him) and offered him Ḥafṣah, saying, ‘If you wish, I will marry you to Ḥafṣah bint ʿUmar.’ He replied, ‘I shall think over my affair.’ After some days he met me and said, ‘It has occurred to me not to marry at this time.’ I then met Abū Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and said, ‘If you wish, I will marry you to Ḥafṣah bint ʿUmar,’ but Abū Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) remained silent.”

(1) Al-adhra (virgin) designates a maiden, and al-khidr is the screen a virgin hangs on one side of the house; the expression therefore evokes the utmost modesty—more than that of a virgin secluded with a husband she has not previously known and before whom she is shy. (2) The verb derives from ifda (direct skin contact) and here serves as a euphemism for sexual intercourse. The Prophet’s phrase, “then he spreads her secret,” means that he divulges the details of what takes place during intercourse and its preliminaries. For the full hadith, see Adab al-Zifaf, Islamic Office, new edition, p. 70.

مِنَ الْعَذْرَاءِ (١) فِي خِدْرِهَا ، فَإِذَا رَأَى شَيْئًا يَكْرَهُهُ عَرَفْنَاهُ فِي وَجْهِهِ . مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ . قَالَ الْعُلَمَاءُ : حَقِيقَةُ الْحَيَاءِ خُلُقٌ يَبْعَثُ عَلَى تَرْكِ الْقَبِيحِ ، وَيَمْنَعُ مِنَ التَّقْصِيرِ فِي حَقِّ ذِي الْحَقِّ . وَرَوَيْنَا عَنْ أَبِي الْقَاسِمِ الْجُنَيْدِ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ قَالَ : الْحَيَاءُ : رُؤْيَةُ الْآلَاءِ - أَيْ النِّعَمِ - وَرُؤْيَةُ التَّقْصِيرِ ، فَيَتَوَلَّدُ بَيْنَهُمَا حَالَةٌ تُسَمَّى حَيَاءً . وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . ٨٥ - بَابُ حِفْظِ السِّرِّ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى : ﴿ وَأَوْفُوا بِالْعَهْدِ إِنَّ الْعَهْدَ كَانَ مَسْؤُولًا ﴾ [ الإسراء : ٣٤ ] . ٦٩٠ - وَعَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ : « إِنَّ مِنْ أَشَرِّ النَّاسِ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ مَنْزِلَةً يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ الرَّجُلُ يُفْضِي إِلَى الْمَرْأَةِ وَتُفْضِي إِلَيْهِ (٢) ثُمَّ يَنْشُرُ سِرَّهَا » رواه مسلم . ٦٩١ - وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ حِينَ تَأَيَّمَتْ بِنْتُهُ حَفْصَةُ قَالَ : لَقِيتُ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، فَعَرَضْتُ عَلَيْهِ حَفْصَةَ فَقُلْتُ : إِنْ شِئْتَ أَنْكَحْتُكَ حَفْصَةَ بِنْتَ عُمَرَ ؟ قَالَ : سَأَنْظُرُ فِي أَمْرِي . فَلَبِثْتُ لَيَالِيَ ثُمَّ لَقِيَنِي ، فَقَالَ : قَدْ بَدَا لِي أَنْ لَا أَتَزَوَّجَ يَوْمِي هَذَا . فَلَقِيتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فَقُلْتُ : إِنْ شِئْتَ أَنْكَحْتُكَ حَفْصَةَ بِنْتَ عُمَرَ ، فَصَمَتَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ

(١) العذراء : هي البكر . و ( الخدر ) : ستر تجعله البكر في جنب البيت ، أي : أشد حياء من البكر حال اختلائها بالزوج الذي لم تعرفه قبل واستحيائها منه . (٢) من الإفضاء وهو مباشرة البشرة ، وهو هنا كناية عن الجماع ، وقوله ﷺ : ( ثم ينشر سرها ) أي : يذكر تفاصيل ما يقع حال الجماع وقبله من المقدمات ، وراجع للحديث « آداب الزفاف » ( ص ٧٠ طبع المكتب الإسلامي - الطبعة الجديدة - ) .