Riyad al-Salihin - Al-Nawawi - (1/159)

Riyad al-SalihinAl-Nawawi

His ﷺ phrase, “ʿawān,” means “female captives”—the plural of ʿāinah (with an undotted ʿayn), which is a woman taken prisoner; al-ʿānī is the masculine form, “a captive.” The Messenger of Allah ﷺ likened a woman, once she comes under her husband’s authority, to a prisoner. The expression “al-ḍarb al-mubarriḥ” denotes a painful, severe beating. His ﷺ words, “so do not seek a way against them,” mean: do not look for a pretext that you can use against them in order to harm them. Allah knows best.

282 – Muʿāwiyah ibn Ḥayda (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I asked, “Messenger of Allah, what is the right of a wife over her husband?” He replied, “That you feed her whenever you eat, clothe her whenever you clothe yourself, do not strike the face, do not revile her, and do not forsake her except within the house.” (1) A ḥasan hadith narrated by Abū Dāwūd, who added: “The meaning of ‘do not revile her (lā tuqabbih)’ is: do not say, ‘May Allah disfigure you.’”

283 – Abū Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, “The believers whose faith is most complete are those who have the finest character, (2) and the best of you are those who are best to their women.” Related by al-Tirmidhī, who graded it ḥasan ṣaḥīḥ.

284 – Iyās ibn ʿAbd Allah ibn Abī Dhubāb (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ declared, “Do not beat the female servants of Allah.” (3) Thereupon ʿUmar (may Allah be pleased with him) came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said, “Women have grown bold toward their husbands.” So he permitted striking them. Later, many women came to the family of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ (4) complaining about their husbands. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ then said, “Indeed, many women have gathered around the family of Muhammad complaining about their husbands; those men are certainly not the best among you.” Narrated by Abū Dāwūd with a sound chain.

His word “dhūʾirna” is spelled with a dhāl carrying a fatḥa, followed by a hamza with kasra, then a rāʾ with sukūn, then

(1) I would qualify this: only when there is a legitimate cause, for it is established that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) once withdrew from his wives in the upper chamber outside the house. (2) Good character comprises offering kindness, refraining from harm, and showing a pleasant countenance. (3) Imaʼ is the plural of amah; the expression “female servants of Allah” here simply means women. (4) That is, his wives and his concubines. The hadith hints at one of the hidden wisdoms behind the Prophet’s multiple marriages (peace be upon him).

قوله ﷺ : « عَوَان » أي : أُسِيرَاتُ جَمْعِ عَائِنَةٍ بِالْعَيْنِ الْمُهْمَلَةِ وَهِيَ الْأُسِيرَةُ ، وَالْعَانِي : الْأَسِيرُ . شَبَّهَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَرْأَةَ فِي دُخُولِهَا تَحْتَ حُكْمِ الزَّوْجِ بِالْأَسِيرِ ، وَ « الضَّرْبُ الْمُبَرِّحُ » : هُوَ الشَّاقُّ الشَّدِيدُ . وَقَوْلُهُ ﷺ : « فَلَا تَبْغُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ سَبِيلًا » أي : لَا تَطْلُبُوا طَرِيقًا تَحْتَجُّونَ بِهِ عَلَيْهِنَّ وَتُؤْذُونَهُنَّ بِهِ ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ . ٢٨٢ - وعن معاوية بن حيدة رضي الله عنه قال : قلت : يا رسول الله ما حق زَوْجَةِ أَحَدِنَا عَلَيْهِ ؟ قال : « أَنْ تُطْعِمَهَا إِذَا طَعِمْتَ ، وَتَكْسُوَهَا إِذَا اكْتَسَيْتَ ، وَلَا تَضْرِبِ الْوَجْهَ ، وَلَا تُقَبِّحْ ، وَلَا تَهْجُرْ إِلَّا فِي الْبَيْتِ » (١) حديث حسن رواه أبو داود ، وقال : « معنى « لَا تُقَبِّحْ » لَا تَقُلْ : قَبَّحَكَ اللَّهُ » . ٢٨٣ - وعن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه قال : قال رسول الله ﷺ : « أَكْمَلُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِيمَانًا أَحْسَنُهُمْ خُلُقًا » (٢) ، وَخِيَارُكُمْ خِيَارُكُمْ لِنِسَائِهِمْ » رواه الترمذي وقال : حديث حسن صحيح . ٢٨٤ - وعن إياس بن عبد الله بن أبي ذباب رضي الله عنه قال : قال رسول الله ﷺ : « لَا تَضْرِبُوا إِمَاءَ اللَّهِ » (٣) فجاء عمر رضي الله عنه إلى رسول الله ﷺ فقال : ذُئِرْنَ النِّسَاءُ عَلَى أَزْوَاجِهِنَّ فَرَخَّصَ فِي ضَرْبِهِنَّ ، فَأَطَافَ بِآلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ (٤) نِسَاءٌ كَثِيرٌ يَشْكُونَ أَزْوَاجَهُنَّ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ : « وَلَقَدْ أَطَافَ بِآلِ بَيْتِ مُحَمَّدٍ نِسَاءٌ يَشْكُونَ أَزْوَاجَهُنَّ لَيْسَ أُولَئِكَ بِخِيَارِكُمْ » رواه أبو داود بإسناد صحيح . قوله : « ذُئِرْنَ » هُوَ بِذَالٍ مُعْجَمَةٍ مَفْتُوحَةٍ ثُمَّ هَمْزَةٍ مَكْسُورَةٍ ثُمَّ رَاءٍ سَاكِنَةٍ ثُمَّ

(١) قلت : إِلَّا لِمُوجِبٍ ، لثبوت هجره ﷺ نساءه في المشربة خارج البيت . (٢) حسن الخلق : بذل المعروف ، وكف الأذى ، وطلاقة الوجه . (٣) الإماء جمع أمة . والمراد بإماء الله : النساء . (٤) أي : بأزواجه ﷺ وسراريه . وفي الحديث سر من أسرار تعدد زوجاته صلوات الله عليه .