so you must hold fast to my sunnah and the sunnah of the rightly guided caliphs; grip it with your molars. Beware of newly-introduced matters, for every innovation is misguidance.” Narrated by Abū Dāwūd and al-Tirmidhī, who said: “A sound and authentic hadith.”

“Al-nawājidh,” with a dotted dhāl, are the canine teeth; some say they are the molars.

162 – Third: Abū Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, “All of my community will enter Paradise except those who refuse.” They asked, “Who would refuse, O Messenger of Allah?” He replied, “Whoever obeys me will enter Paradise, and whoever disobeys me has refused.” Narrated by al-Bukhārī.

163 – Fourth: Abū Muslim—or, it is said, Abū Iyās—Salamah ibn ʿAmr ibn al-Akwaʿ, may Allah be pleased with him, reported that a man once ate in the presence of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ with his left hand. He said, “Eat with your right hand.” The man replied, “I cannot.” He said, “May you never be able!” Nothing prevented him from doing so except pride, and thereafter he could not raise it to his mouth. Narrated by Muslim.

164 – Fifth: Abū ʿAbd Allah al-Nuʿmān ibn Bashīr, may Allah be pleased with both of them, said: I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say, “Straighten your rows, or Allah will surely cause division between your faces.”(1) Agreed upon.

In another narration Muslim records: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to straighten our rows as though he were aligning arrow shafts,(2) until he perceived that we had learned from him.(3) Then one day he came out and stood, almost beginning the takbīr, when he saw—