while others lower their own standing and humble themselves to the point of laxity and indifference, until they command no respect among people. This too is wrong. A person must instead follow a course between these two extremes, as was the guidance of the Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him. He—peace and blessings be upon him—was firm where firmness was called for and gentle where gentleness was called for.
Thus, one should combine firmness and resolve with gentleness, compassion, and mercy.
﴿And you do not will unless Allah wills﴾. This means that you cannot will anything unless Allah has already willed it. A person’s will comes only after the will of Allah, Mighty and Majestic. Had Allah willed otherwise, the person would not have willed it. If Allah willed that something not occur, it would not occur even if you willed it. Indeed, even if you willed it, if Allah Most High did not will it, it would never occur. Rather, Allah Most High would bring about causes that stood between you and it, preventing it from taking place.
This is a matter to which one must pay close attention. One must know that one’s action proceeds by one’s own will—a complete will, free of compulsion—but that this will is linked to Allah’s will. One must know that one wills something only after Allah has willed it, and that if Allah willed it not to occur, either the person would not will it, or the person might will it but Allah would place causes and impediments between him and it.
﴿The Lord of the worlds﴾. His words, ﴿the Lord of the worlds﴾, indicate the universality of Allah’s lordship and that His lordship encompasses all. We must understand, however, that “the worlds” here does not have the same meaning as it does in His words, ﴿It is only a reminder to the worlds﴾. In the first expression, ﴿a reminder to the worlds﴾, “the worlds” are those to whom the Messenger was sent. Here, however, in ﴿the Lord of the worlds﴾, “the worlds” means everything other than Allah. Every being other than Allah belongs to the created world, for existence comprises only the Lord and all that is subject to His lordship. Thus, when the phrase “Lord of the worlds” is used, “the worlds” must mean everything other than Allah. As the imam and Shaykh al-Islām Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhāb—may Allah have mercy upon him—said: “Everything other than Allah is the created world, and I am one part of that world.” (1).