Tafsir al-Uthaymin Juz AmmaIbn al-'Uthaymin

he asks for.”’” (1) This is virtually explicit in showing that the basmala is not part of al-Fātiha. It is also related in the Sahih that Anas ibn Mālik—may Allah be pleased with him—said: “I prayed behind the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—Abu Bakr, Umar, and Uthmān. They would begin their recitation with ﴿All praise is due to Allah, Lord of the worlds﴾ and would not mention ﴿In the name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful﴾ at either the beginning or the end of the recitation.” (2) What is meant is that they did not recite it aloud. The distinction made between it and al-Fātiha—reciting the latter aloud but not the former—indicates that it is not part of al-Fātiha.

As for the structure in terms of meaning, al-Fātiha consists of seven verses by consensus. If the seven verses are apportioned according to the subject matter of the surah, one finds that its midpoint is the statement of Allah Most High, ﴿You alone we worship, and You alone we ask for help﴾. This is the verse concerning which Allah said, “I have divided the prayer equally between Myself and My servant.” That is because ﴿All praise is due to Allah, Lord of the worlds﴾ is the first verse; ﴿the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful﴾ is the second; and ﴿Master of the Day of Judgment﴾ is the third. All three pertain exclusively to Allah, Glorious and Exalted. ﴿You alone we worship, and You alone we ask for help﴾ is the fourth—that is, the middle verse—and it has two parts: one is Allah’s right, and the other is the servant’s right. ﴿Guide us to the straight path﴾ is for the servant; ﴿the path of those upon whom You have bestowed favor﴾ is for the servant; and ﴿not of those who have incurred wrath, nor of those who have gone astray﴾ is for the servant.

Thus, three verses pertain to Allah, Glorious and Exalted—namely, the first three—and three pertain to the servant—namely, the last three—while one is shared between the servant and his Lord: the fourth and middle verse.

As for the structure in terms of wording, if we say that the basmala is a verse of al-Fātiha, it necessarily follows that the seventh verse is as long as two verses; and it is well known that

(1) Muslim, Book of Prayer, “Recitation of al-Fātiha in Every Rakʿah,” nos. (38) and (395). (2) Muslim, Book of Prayer, “The Evidence of Those Who Maintain That the Basmalah Should Not Be Recited Aloud,” hadith no. (52), 399.
سأل» (١) ، وهذا كالنص على أن البسملة ليست من الفاتحة؛ وفي الصحيح عن أنس بن مالك ﵁ قال: «صليت خلف النبي ﷺ، وأبي بكر، وعمر، وعثمان؛ فكانوا يستفتحون بـ ﴿الحمد لله رب العالمين﴾ لا يذكرون ﴿بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم﴾ في أول قراءة، ولا في آخرها» (٢) . والمراد لا يجهرون؛ والتمييز بينها وبين الفاتحة في الجهر، وعدمه يدل على أنها ليست منها. أما من جهة السياق من حيث المعنى: فالفاتحة سبع آيات بالاتفاق؛ وإذا أردت أن توزع سبع الايات على موضوع السورة وجدت أن نصفها هو قوله تعالى: ﴿إياك نعبد وإياك نستعين﴾ وهي الآية التي قال الله فيها: «قسمت الصلاة بيني وبين عبدي نصفين» ؛ لأن ﴿الحمد لله رب العالمين﴾ : واحدة؛ ﴿الرحمن الرحيم﴾ : الثانية؛ ﴿مالك يوم الدين﴾ : الثالثة؛ وكلها حق لله ﷿: ﴿إياك نعبد وإياك نستعين﴾ : الرابعة ـ يعني الوسط ـ وهي قسمان: قسم منها حق لله؛ وقسم حق للعبد؛ ﴿اهدنا الصراط المستقيم﴾ للعبد؛ ﴿صراط الذين أنعمت عليهم﴾ للعبد؛ ﴿غير المغضوب عليهم ولا الضالين﴾ للعبد. فتكون ثلاث آيات لله ﷿ وهي الثلاث الأولى؛ وثلاث آيات للعبد وهي الثلاث الأخيرة؛ وواحدة بين العبد وربه وهي الرابعة الوسطى. ثم من جهة السياق من حيث اللفظ فإذا قلنا: إن البسملة آية من الفاتحة لزم أن تكون الآية السابعة طويلة على قدر آيتين؛ ومن المعلوم أن
(١) أخرجه مسلم كتاب الصلاة، باب: قراءة الفاتحة في كل ركعة (٣٨) (٣٩٥) . (٢) أخرجه مسلم كتاب الصلاة باب: حجة من قال: لا يجهر بالبسملة، حديث رقم (٥٢) ٣٩٩.

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