Tafsir al-Uthaymin Juz Amma - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (80)

Tafsir al-Uthaymin Juz AmmaIbn al-'Uthaymin

and the word of Muhammad by conveyance. The original speaker is Allah—Glorified and Exalted is He. Thus, the Quran is truly the word of Allah; it is called the word of Gabriel because he conveyed it to Muhammad, and the word of Muhammad because he conveyed it to the Muslim nation.

﴾Your companion is not mad.﴿ This refers to Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him. Reflect on the fact that Allah says, ﴾your companion﴿, attributing him to them so that the blame and rebuke for rejecting his call would be all the more severe. It is as though He said: “Your companion, whom you know and with whom you have always lived, is not mad.” He remained among them in Mecca for forty years before his prophethood. They knew him and were well acquainted with his truthfulness and trustworthiness, to the point that they called him “the Trustworthy.” ﴾Your companion is not mad﴿ means that he is not insane. Rather, he is the most rational of men—peace and blessings be upon him—without doubt the most perfect of them in intellect and the soundest in judgment.

﴾He certainly saw him﴿ means that Muhammad saw Gabriel ﴾on the clear horizon.﴿ The horizon is the edge of the sky, and “clear” means distinct, manifest, and high. The Messenger—peace and blessings be upon him—saw Gabriel in the form in which he was created on two occasions: once in the Cave of Hirā’ (1), and once in the seventh heaven when the Messenger—peace and blessings be upon him—was taken on the Ascension (2). The vision mentioned here is the one that occurred at the Cave of Hirā’, because Allah says, ﴾He saw him on the horizon﴿; Muhammad was therefore on earth.

﴾Nor is he﴿—meaning Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him—﴾miserly regarding the unseen﴿, meaning the revelation that came to him from Allah. The word danīn, with the letter dād, means “miserly.” He—peace and blessings be upon him—is neither open to accusation concerning the revelation nor does he withhold it. Rather, no one is more generous than he in imparting what was revealed to him: he teaches people at every opportunity. He is also the person furthest removed from suspicion because of his perfect truthfulness—peace and blessings be upon him. In another reading, it is ﴾suspect regarding the unseen﴿—zanīn, with the letter zā—which means “accused,” from zann in the sense of accusation.

﴾Nor is this the word of an accursed devil.﴿ That is, the Quran is not the word of any devil; they are the soothsayers

(1) Reported by al-Bukhārī, Book of the Beginning of Revelation, chapter “How Revelation Began to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him” (4); and Muslim, Book of Faith, chapter “The Beginning of Revelation to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him” (160, 252). (2) Reported by al-Bukhārī, chapter “How Prayer Was Prescribed during the Night Journey” (349); and Muslim, Book of Faith, chapter “The Night Journey of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him” (162, 259).

وقول محمد بالنيابة، والقائل الأول هو الله ﷿، فالقرآن قول الله حقيقة، وقول جبريل باعتبار أنه بلغه لمحمد، وقول محمد باعتبار أنه بلغه إلى الأمة. ﴿وما صاحبكم بمجنون﴾ أي محمد رسول الله ﷺ وتأمل أنه قال: ﴿وما صاحبكم﴾ فأضافه إليهم ليكون أشد لوماً وتوبيخاً لهم حين ردوا دعوته كأنه قال: ما صاحبكم الذي تعرفونه وأنتم وإياه دائماً، بقي فيهم أربعين سنة في مكة قبل النبوة يعرفونه، ويعرفون صدقه وأمانته، حتى كانوا يطلقون عليه اسم الأمين ﴿وما صاحبكم بمجنون﴾ يعني ليس مجنوناً، بل هو أعقل العقلاء ﵊، أكمل الناس عقلاً بلا شك وأسدّهم رأياً. ﴿ولقد رآه﴾ أي رأى محمد جبريل ﴿بالأفق المبين﴾ الأفق جابن السماء والمبين أي البين الظاهر العالي، فإن الرسول ﵊ رأى جبريل على صورته التي خُلق عليها مرتين: مرة في غار حراء (١) ، ومرة في السماء السابعة لما عُرج به ﵊ (٢) ، وهذه الرؤية هي التي في غار حراء، لأنه يقول ﴿رآه بالأفق﴾ إذن محمد في الأرض ﴿وما هو﴾ يعني ما محمد ﷺ ﴿على الغيب﴾ يعني على الوحي الذي جاءه من عند الله ﴿بضنين﴾ بالضاد أي ببخيل، فهو ﵊ ليس بمتهم في الوحي ولا باخل به، بل هو أشد الناس بذلاً لما أوحي إليه، يعلم الناس في كل مناسبة، وهو أبعد الناس عن التهمة لكمال صدقه ﵊، وفي قراءة ﴿بظنين﴾ بالظاء المشالة، أي: بمتهم، من الظن وهو التهمة. ﴿وما هو بقول شيطان رجيم﴾ أي ليس القرءان بقول أحد من الشياطين، وهم الكهنة

(١) أخرجر البخاري كتاب بدء الوحي، كيف كان بدء الوحي إلى رسول الله ﷺ (٤) . ومسلم كتاب الإيمان باب بدء الوحي إلى رسول الله ﷺ (١٦٠) (٢٥٢) . (٢) أخرجه البخاري كتاب باب كيف فرضت الصلاة في الإسراء (٣٤٩) ومسلم كتاب الإيمان، باب الإسراء برسول الله ﷺ (١٦٢) (٢٥٩) .