And ﴿the Most Merciful﴾ means the One who conveys mercy to whomever He wills among His servants. It therefore follows the morphological pattern fa‘īl, which indicates that the action takes effect. Thus, there is mercy as His attribute, indicated by ﴿the Most Compassionate﴾, and mercy as His action—namely, conveying mercy to its recipient—indicated by ﴿the Most Merciful﴾. ﴿The Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful﴾ are two of Allah’s names that indicate His Essence, the attribute of mercy, and its effect—that is, the consequence entailed by this attribute.
The mercy Allah has affirmed for Himself is real mercy, established by revelation and reason. As for revelation, it consists of the numerous affirmations of Allah’s mercy found in the Quran and the sunnah. As for reason, every blessing that comes to pass and every affliction that is averted is an effect of Allah’s mercy.
Some people, however, have denied that Allah Most High possesses real mercy and distorted its meaning to signify the bestowal of blessings or the will to bestow them, claiming that reason deems it impossible to describe Allah in this way. They said, “Mercy is a sympathetic inclination involving softness, submission, and tenderness, and this does not befit Allah—Mighty and Majestic is He.” The response to them is twofold:
The first response is that we reject the claim that mercy necessarily involves submission, abasement, and tenderness. We find powerful kings showing mercy without any submission, tenderness, or abasement on their part.
The second response is that, even if these were necessary implications and entailments of mercy, they would pertain only to the mercy of created beings. The mercy of the Creator—Glorified and Exalted is He—befits His greatness, majesty, and sovereignty and entails no imperfection whatsoever.
We further say that reason establishes that Allah—Mighty and Majestic is He—possesses real mercy. The mercy we observe created beings showing one another points to the mercy of Allah—Mighty and Majestic is He. Moreover, mercy is a perfection, and Allah is worthier of perfection. Furthermore, what we observe of