﴿In the name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful﴾
Regarding the words of Allah Most High, ﴿In the name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful﴾: the prepositional phrase is connected to an omitted element. This omitted element is understood to be a contextually appropriate verb placed after the phrase. Thus, if you say, “In the name of Allah,” when intending to eat, the implied verb is: “In the name of Allah, I eat.”
We say that it must be connected to an omitted element because the preposition and its governed noun form a construction that must itself be governed, and every governed construction requires a governing element.
We understand this omitted element as coming after the phrase for two benefits:
The first benefit is to seek blessing by placing the name of Allah—Glorified and Exalted is He—first.
The second benefit is exclusivity, because placing the governing element afterward conveys restriction. It is as though you were saying: “I eat in no one’s name, seeking blessing and aid through it, except in the name of Allah—Glorified and Exalted is He.”
We understand the omitted element to be a verb because verbs are fundamentally the elements that govern other words, as grammarians know. Nouns therefore govern only under certain conditions.
We understand it to be contextually appropriate because this conveys the intended meaning more clearly. Hence, the Messenger—may Allah’s blessings and peace be upon him—said: “Whoever has not yet slaughtered should slaughter in the name of Allah” (1), or he—may Allah’s blessings and peace be upon him—said: “upon the name of Allah.” He thus specified the action. (2)
“Allah” is the name of the Lord of the worlds, and no one else bears this name. It is the foundational divine name; hence, the other names follow it as attributes.
“The Most Compassionate” means the One possessed of vast mercy. It therefore follows the morphological form fa‘lān, which denotes vastness.