Tafsir al-Uthaymin Juz Amma - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (340)

Tafsir al-Uthaymin Juz AmmaIbn al-'Uthaymin

that, after the Prophet—may Allah bless him and his family and grant them peace—concluded the famous peace treaty with Quraysh at al-Hudaybiyya in the sixth year, Quraysh violated the covenant. The Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—therefore marched against them, leaving Medina with approximately ten thousand fighters. He set out in secrecy and prayed, “O Allah, keep news of us hidden from them.” (1)

They did not become aware of him until he had surrounded them. He entered Mecca on the twentieth of Ramadan in the eighth year after the Hijra, triumphant, victorious, and divinely aided. Eventually, the disbelievers of Quraysh gathered before him around the Kaaba. He stood in its doorway while Quraysh waited below to see what he would do. Taking hold of the two doorposts, he said, “People of Quraysh, what do you think I shall do with you?” He was the very man who had fled from them only eight years earlier, yet now they were in his grasp and entirely at his disposal. He repeated, “What do you think I shall do with you?” They replied, “Good—a noble brother and the son of a noble brother.” He said, “I say to you what Joseph said to his brothers: ﴿No blame will there be upon you today. Allah will forgive you﴾ [Joseph: 92]. Go, for you are free.” (2) Thus, he—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—pardoned them.

Allah called this conquest a clear conquest, saying: ﴿Indeed, We have granted you a clear conquest﴾ [al-Fath: 1]—that is, a manifest, momentous, and unmistakable conquest. When it occurred, everyone realized that the final triumph belonged to Muhammad—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—and that the era of Quraysh and its followers had ended. People therefore began ﴿entering Allah’s religion in multitudes﴾—that is, in groups—whereas previously they had entered it individually, and in some circumstances a person could enter it only in secret. They now entered Allah’s religion in multitudes, and delegations came to the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—in Medina from every direction, until the ninth year became known as the Year of Delegations.

Allah, Glorious and Exalted is He, says: When you see this sign, ﴿then glorify your Lord with praise and seek His forgiveness﴾. One would have expected the response to be: Then thank Allah for

(1) Recorded by al-Tabarānī in *al-Kabīr*, 23/1052, and in *al-Saghīr*, no. 68. (2) Its source citation was given above, p. 155.

أن النبي صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم لما صالح قريشاً في الحديبية في السنة السادسة ـ الصلح المشهور ـ نقضت قريش العهد فغزاهم النبي ﷺ وخرج إليهم من المدينة بنحو عشرة آلاف مقاتل خرج مختفياً وقال: «اللهم عمي أخبارنا عنهم» (١) فلم يفاجأهم إلا وهو محيط بهم ودخل مكة في العشرين من رمضان، من السنة الثامنة للهجرة، مظفراً منصوراً مؤيداً، حتى إنه في النهاية اجتمع إليه كفار قريش حول الكعبة فوقف على الباب وقريش تحته ينتظرون ما يفعل، فأخذ بعضادتي الباب وقال: يا معشر قريش، ما تظنون أني فاعل بكم؟ وهو الذي كان قبل ثمان سنوات هارباً منهم وصاروا الآن في قبضته وتحت تصرفه، قال: ما تظنون أني فاعل بكم؟ قالوا: خيراً، أخ كريم وابن أخ كريم، قال: فإني أقول لكم كما قال يوسف لأخوته ﴿لا تثريب عليكم اليوم يغفر الله لكم﴾ [يوسف: ٩٢] . اذهبوا فأنتم الطلقاء (٢) ، فعفى عنهم ﵊، هذا الفتح سماه الله فتحاً مبيناً، فقال تعالى: ﴿إنا فتحنا لك فتحاً مبيناً﴾ [الفتح: ١] أي بيناً عظيماً واضحاً، ولما حصل عرف الناس جميعاً أن العاقبة لمحمد ﷺ وأن دور قريش واتباعها قد انقضى فصار الناس ﴿يدخلون في دين الله أفواجاً﴾ أي جماعات بعد أن كانوا يدخلون فيه أفراداً، ولا يدخل فيه الإنسان في بعض الأحوال إلا مختفياً، وصاروا يدخلون في دين الله أفواجاً، وصارت الوفود ترد على النبي ﵊ في المدينة من كل جانب حتى سمي العام التاسع (عام الوفود) يقول الله ﷿ إذا رأيت هذه العلامة ﴿فسبح بحمد ربك واستغفره﴾ كان المتوقع أن يكون الجواب فاشكر الله على

(١) أخرجه الطبراني في " الكبير" ٢٣/ (١٠٥٢) وفي " الصغير " (٦٨) .. (٢) تقدم تخريجه ص (١٥٥) .