rivalry in wealth, tribal numbers, status, knowledge, and anything else that may become a matter of boasting. This is indicated by the words of the owner of the garden to his companion: “I have greater wealth than you and am mightier in manpower” [al-Kahf: 34]. A person may vie with others through his wealth, seeking to possess more money and conduct more extensive trade than they do. He may also vie with others through his tribe, saying, “We are more numerous than they are,” as the poet said:
Your pebbles do not outnumber theirs;
Might belongs only to the greater host.
“Your pebbles do not outnumber theirs,” because in earlier times they used pebbles to count things. For example, if one group had ten thousand pebbles while another had eight thousand, the first would be more numerous and mightier. Thus, the poet said:
Your pebbles do not outnumber theirs;
Might belongs only to the greater host.
Likewise, a person may vie with others through knowledge. You find him seeking to surpass others in knowledge. If it is religious knowledge, then it is good; but if it is non-religious knowledge, it may be either permissible or forbidden. Rivalry for increase is overwhelmingly characteristic of the children of Adam. Thus, their rivalry in these matters distracts them from that for which they were created: the worship of Allah, Glorious and Exalted.
The words “until you visit the graves” mean: until you die. Human beings are innately disposed to rivalry for increase until death. Indeed, the older a person grows, the greater his hopes become: he grows gray with age while remaining youthful in hope. A man may be ninety years old, for example, yet you will find that his ambitions and far-reaching hopes exceed those of a fifteen-year-old youth. This is the meaning of the noble verse: rivalry for increase distracts you from the Hereafter until you die.
It has also been said that “until you visit the graves” means that you went so far as to vie with one another by counting the dead, just as you vie by counting the living. A person will come and say, “My tribe…”