which means moving and setting out swiftly. ﴿Panting﴾ is the sound heard from within horses as they race swiftly—a sound that comes from their chests. This indicates the power and intensity of their running.
﴿Then strike sparks﴾. The term al-mūriyāt derives from awrā or wariya, both meaning “to kindle.” This refers to kindling fire when stones strike one another, as is commonly known among us with flint: when one piece is struck against another, it produces a spark. Because these horses run with such power and intensity and strike the ground so forcefully, when a hoof strikes a stone, that stone strikes another and produces a spark. This results from their strength, the power of their running, and the force with which they strike the ground.
﴿Then raid at dawn﴾ means that they raid their enemy in the morning. This is the best time to raid an enemy, for the enemy is heedless and asleep. Even if the enemy awakens when the raid begins, they will still be sluggish and weary. Thus, in swearing by these horses, Allah—Glorified and Exalted is He—singled out the finest time for a raid: dawn. The Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—would not attack a people at night. Rather, he would wait until morning; if he heard the call to prayer, he refrained, but otherwise he attacked (1).
﴿Thereby raising﴾—that is, through this charge and raid—﴿a cloud of dust﴾, namely the dust stirred up by the intensity of their running. When horses race swiftly over the ground, their repeated charges and retreats raise dust.
﴿Then plunge, through it, into the midst﴾—that is, through this dust—﴿of a host﴾, meaning hosts of enemies. In other words, these horses stop at nothing short of the very midst of the enemy. This represents the utmost benefit horses can provide, although all horses are a source of good, as the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—said: “Goodness is tied to the forelocks of horses until the Day of Resurrection” (2). Allah Most High swore by these racers—these horses that attained the utmost limit, namely raiding the enemy and penetrating into their midst—without