Allah—Glorious is His Majesty—has explained that He created man from a clinging substance, though man develops through successive stages. In other verses, He explains that He created man from earth; in others, from clay; in others, from ringing clay like pottery; in others, from a spurting fluid; in others, from a humble fluid; and in this verse, from a clinging substance. Is there any contradiction in this?
The answer is that there is no contradiction. Indeed, there can never be any contradiction in the words of Allah Most High or in anything authentically reported from His Messenger—may Allah bless him and grant him peace. Allah says:
“Had it been from anyone other than Allah, they would have found in it much discrepancy” [al-Nisā’: 82].
Rather, He—Glorified and Exalted is He—sometimes mentions the beginning of creation from one perspective and at other times from another. Thus, He created man from earth, for man’s initial creation was from earth. Water was then poured upon it, and it became clay. After remaining for a time, it became dark, altered mud. After an even longer time, it became ringing clay—that is, if you struck it with your hand, you could hear it ring like pottery. He—Glorious is His Majesty—then formed him into flesh, bone, sinew, and so forth. This is the beginning of creation as it relates to Adam.
The other form of creation, concerning Adam’s descendants, begins with a sperm-drop, which is both the humble fluid and the spurting fluid. This sperm-drop remains in the womb for forty days, gradually changing. By the completion of those forty days, it has developed progressively into blood—a clinging clot. It then begins to grow and thicken, developing little by little. Once eighty days have elapsed, it becomes a lump of flesh—a piece of flesh about the size of a morsel a person would chew. It remains in that state for forty days, making a total of one hundred and twenty days, or four months.
After four months, Allah sends to it the angel appointed over the wombs, who breathes the spirit into it. The spirit enters the body by the permission of Allah—Glorious is His Majesty. We are unable to know the spirit’s essential nature, reality, or substance. As for the body, its origin is earth and thereafter, in women’s wombs, the sperm-drop; but as for the spirit—