Tafsir al-Uthaymin Juz Amma - Ibn al-'Uthaymin - (218)

Tafsir al-Uthaymin Juz AmmaIbn al-'Uthaymin

break faith with anyone, lie to anyone, or betray anyone. He was also mindful of Allah Most High to the best of his ability.

Likewise, he was patient with Allah’s decrees. How greatly he was harmed for Allah’s sake—Glorious and Exalted is He—because of his obedience! Did Quraysh not persecute him to the point that, when they saw him prostrating beneath the Kaaba, they ordered someone to bring a she-camel’s afterbirth and place it on his back while he was prostrating—may Allah bless him and grant him peace?! (1) Yet throughout all this he remained patient.

Joseph, peace be upon him, was also patient with Allah’s decrees. He was cast into the hidden depths of the well and suffered harm for Allah’s sake through imprisonment. Despite all this, he remained patient, seeking Allah’s reward; he neither became vexed nor objected to what befell him.

His words, “and exhorted one another to compassion,” mean that they urged one another to show mercy. A person’s mercy toward created beings extends to both animals and human beings. Thus, he shows mercy to his parents, sons and daughters, brothers and sisters, paternal uncles and aunts, and so forth. He likewise shows mercy to all other people and to dumb animals—his she-camel, horse, donkey, cow, sheep, and others. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “Show mercy to those on earth, and the One in heaven will show mercy to you.” (2)

“Those” refers to the people described by these qualities. “The companions of the right” means those of the right hand, who will be given their records in their right hands on the Day of Resurrection. Whoever is given his record in his right hand will receive an easy reckoning and return joyfully to his family.

Then He—Glorious and Exalted is He—said: “But those who disbelieve in Our signs”—meaning that they reject them—“they are the companions of the left.” The pronoun “they” has been used here for emphasis. Outside the Quran, it would be correct to say, “Those who disbelieve in Our signs are the companions of the left,” but the Quranic construction adds emphasis.

(1) Narrated by al-Bukhārī, Book of the Merits of the Ansār, chapter “What the Prophet ﷺ and His Companions Endured in Mecca” (3854); and Muslim, Book of Jihad and Military Expeditions, chapter “The Harm the Prophet ﷺ Suffered from the Polytheists and Hypocrites” (1794). (2) Narrated by al-Tirmidhī, Book of Righteousness and Maintaining Ties, chapter “What Has Been Related concerning Mercy toward People” (1924). He said: “This is a sound and authentic hadith.”

يغدر بأحد، ولا أن يكذب أحداً، ولا أن يخون أحداً، وهو أيضاً متق لله تعالى بقدر ما يستطيع. كذلك صابر على أقدار الله، كم أوذي في الله ﷿ من أجل طاعته، أليست قريش قد آذوه حتى إذا رأوه ساجداً تحت الكعبة أمروا من يأتي بسلا ناقة فيضعه على ظهره، وهو ساجد ﵊؟! (١) وهو صابر في ذلك كله. ويوسف ﵊، صبر على أقدار الله فقد أُلقي في البئر في غيابة الجب، وأوذي في الله بالسجن، ومع ذلك فهو صابر محتسب لم يتضجر ولم ينكر ما وقع به. وقوله: ﴿وتواصوا بالمرحمة﴾ أي: أوصى بعضهم بعضاً أن يرحم الآخر، ورحمة الإنسان للمخلوقات تكون في البهائم وتكون في الناطق. فهو يرحم آباءَه، وأمهاته، وأبناءَه، وبناته، وإخوانه، وأخواته، وأعمامه، وعماته، وهكذا. ويرحم كذلك سائر البشر، وهو أيضاً يرحم الحيوان البهيم فيرحم ناقته، وفرسه، وحماره، وبقرته، وشاته، وغير ذلك، وقد قال النبي ﵊: «ارحموا من في الأرض يرحمكم من في السماء» (٢) . ﴿أولئك﴾ أي هؤلاء الموصوفون بهذه الصفات ﴿أصحاب الميمنة﴾ أي: أصحاب اليمين، الذين يُؤتون كتابهم يوم القيامة بأيمانهم، فمن أوتي كتابه بيمينه فسوف يحاسب حساباً يسيراً وينقلب إلى أهله مسروراً. ثم قال ﷿: ﴿والذين كفروا بآياتنا﴾ أي: جحدوا بها ﴿هم أصحاب المشئمة﴾ ﴿هم﴾ : الضمير هنا جاء للتوكيد، ولو قيل في غير القرآن: والذين كفروا بآياتنا أصحاب المشئمة. لصح لكن هذا من باب التوكيد.

(١) أخرجه البخاري كتاب مناقب الأنصار باب ما ليق النبي ﷺ واصحباه بمكة (٣٨٥٤) ، ومسلم كتاب الجهاد والسير باب ما لقي النبي ﷺ من أذى المشركين والمنافقين (١٧٩٤) (٢) أخرجه الترمزي كتاب البر والصلة، باب ما جاء في رحمة الناس (١٩٢٤) . وقال: حديث حسن صحيح.