Tafsir al-Uthaymin Juz AmmaIbn al-'Uthaymin

glory, honor, and eminence. His words, Most High is He, ﴾in a Preserved Tablet﴿, refer to the Preserved Tablet with Allah, which is the Mother of the Book, as Allah Most High says: ﴾Allah eliminates or confirms whatever He wills, and with Him is the Mother of the Book.﴿ [al-Raʿd: 39]

In this Tablet, Allah recorded the decrees of all things. Among what He recorded therein was that this Quran would be sent down to Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him. Thus, it is in a Preserved Tablet. The scholars said that ﴾Preserved﴿ means that no one can reach it and that it is safeguarded from alteration and substitution. Alteration and substitution occur only in the other records, for the records ordained by Allah, Glorified and Exalted is He, are of several kinds:

The first kind is the record in the Preserved Tablet. This record is neither altered nor changed. For this reason, Allah called it a Preserved Tablet: nothing in it can be altered or changed.

The second is the record concerning the children of Adam while they are in their mothers’ wombs. Once a human being has completed four months in his mother’s womb, Allah sends to him an angel entrusted with the wombs. The angel breathes the soul into him by Allah’s permission, for the body is merely a piece of flesh that becomes a human being when the soul is breathed into it. The angel is then commanded to record four matters: his provision, his lifespan, his deeds, and whether he will be wretched or blessed. (1)

The third kind is an annual record made every year. This is the record made on the Night of Decree, when Allah, Glorified and Exalted is He, decrees what will occur during that year. Allah Most High says: ﴾On that night every matter of wisdom is decreed.﴿ [al-Dukhān: 4] Thus, what will occur during that year is recorded on that night.

The fourth kind is the daily record maintained by the angels, who write down everything a person does on that day, whether it is something uttered with his tongue, an action performed with his limbs, or a belief held in his heart. This is recorded in the scrolls held by the angels. This record is made after the deed, whereas all three preceding records are made before the deed,

(1) Muslim narrated it in the Book of Divine Decree, chapter “How the Human Being Is Created in His Mother’s Womb and How His Provision, Lifespan, Deeds, Wretchedness, and Felicity Are Written” (2641) (1).
المجد والعزة والرفعة. وقوله تعالى: ﴿في لوح محفوظ﴾ يعني بذلك اللوح المحفوظ عند الله ﷿ الذي هو أم الكتاب كما قال الله ﵎: ﴿يمحو الله ما يشاء ويثبت وعنده أم الكتاب﴾ [الرعد: ٣٩] . وهذا اللوح كتب الله به مقادير كل شيء، ومن جملة ما كتب به أن هذا القرآن سينزل على محمد ﷺ فهو في لوح محفوظ، قال العلماء ﴿محفوظ﴾ لا يناله أحد، محفوظ عن التغيير والتبديل، والتبديل والتغيير إنما يكون في الكتب الأخرى؛ لأن الكتابة من الله ﷿ أنواع: النوع الأول: الكتابة في اللوح المحفوظ وهذه الكتابة لا تبدل ولا تغير، ولهذا سماه الله لوحاً محفوظاً، لا يمكن أن يبدل أو يغير ما فيه. الثاني: الكتابة على بني آدم وهم في بطون أمهاتهم، لأن الإنسان في بطن أمه إذا تم له أربعة أشهر، بعث الله إليه ملكاً موكلاً بالأرحام، فينفخ فيه الروح بإذن الله، لأن الجسد عبارة عن قطعة من لحم إذا نفخت فيه الروح صار إنسانًا، ويؤمر بأربع كلمات: بكتب رزقه، وأجله، وعمله، وشقي أو سعيد (١) . النوع الثالث: كتابة حولية كل سنة، وهي الكتابة التي تكون في ليلة القدر، فإن الله ﷾ يقدر في هذه الليلة ما يكون في تلك السنة، قال الله ﵎: ﴿فيها يفرق كل أمر حكيم﴾ [الدخان: ٤] . فيكتب في هذه الليلة ما يكون في تلك السنة. النوع الرابع: كتابة يومية وهي التي تقوم بها الملائكة حيث يكتبون كل ما يعمله الإنسان في ذلك اليوم، سواء كان قولاً بلسانه أو عملاً بجوارحه، أو اعتقاداً بقلبه وذلك في الصحف التي بأيدي الملائكة وهذه الكتابة تكون بعد العمل، والكتابات الثلاث السابقة كلها قبل العمل،
(١) أخرجه مسلم كتاب القدر، باب كيفيةخلق الآدمي في بطن أمه وكتابة رزقه وأجله وعمله وشقاوته وسعادته (٢٦٤١) (١) .

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