backbites people, his repentance is not valid. How could it be valid when he persists in the sin? He must desist from it. If he repents of wrongfully consuming people’s wealth after stealing from one person and taking another’s money through deceit and fraud, his repentance is not valid until he returns what he took to its owners. Suppose someone moved his boundary markers into his neighbor’s property, seized part of his land, and then said, “I have repented.” We would tell him, “Move the boundary markers back to their original positions; otherwise, your repentance will not be accepted,” for he must desist from the sin of which he has repented.
The fourth condition is that he must firmly resolve never to return to the sin. If he repents while inwardly intending to return to the sin should the opportunity arise, his repentance will not be accepted. Rather, he must resolve with certainty never to return to it.
The fifth condition is that repentance must occur at a time when it can be accepted, for there are times when repentance is not accepted. This occurs in two circumstances:
The first circumstance is when death comes upon a person. His repentance is then not accepted, for Allah—Exalted is He—says:
﴿Repentance is not for those who persist in evil deeds until death approaches one of them and he says, “Now I repent.”﴾ [al-Nisāʾ: 18].
After seeing death before his very eyes and beholding the punishment, he says, “I repent,” but this is of no avail. An actual example of this is Pharaoh: when drowning overtook him, he said, “I believe in the One in whom the Children of Israel believe”—meaning Allah. He did not say, “I believe in Allah,” thereby abasing himself, for he had fought the Children of Israel because of their belief in Allah. Now he said, “I believe in the One in whom they believe,” as though making himself a follower of the Children of Israel. Such was the depth of humiliation to which he had sunk. Nevertheless, he was told, “Is it only now that you repent? Is it only now that you believe in the One in whom the Children of Israel believe?”
﴿Now? You had disobeyed before and were one of the corrupters.﴾ [Yūnus: 91].
Thus, when death comes, repentance is not accepted. One must therefore hasten to repent, for one does not know when death will come. Do you not know—