Al-Ijmāʿ - Ibn al-Mundhir - (89)

Al-IjmāʿIbn al-Mundhir

Book of Marriage

349 — They unanimously agree that if a father marries off his previously married daughter without her consent, the marriage is invalid.

350 — They unanimously agree that it is permissible for a father to marry off his minor virgin daughter, provided he gives her to a compatible suitor.

351 — They unanimously agree that a marriage contract concluded by a father on behalf of his minor son is valid.

352 — They unanimously agree that a disbeliever cannot act as guardian for his Muslim daughter.

353 — They unanimously agree that a woman may prevent her husband from coming to her until she has received her dower.

354 — They unanimously agree that the ruler may marry off a woman when she desires marriage, invites a suitable suitor, and her guardian refuses to conclude the marriage.

355 — They unanimously agree that if a non-Arab free man or a manumitted slave marries another people’s slave-woman and she bears him children, those children are slaves.

356 — They unanimously agree that when a slave-woman is emancipated while married to a slave, she is entitled to choose whether to remain with him or separate.

357 — They unanimously agree that the legal rulings for a eunuch and for a man whose genital organ has been severed are the same as those for other men with respect to covering the private parts in prayer, leading the prayer, the clothing worn in the state of pilgrimage consecration, their share of inheritance, and their allotted portion of war booty.

358 — They unanimously agree that if a castrated man marries a woman who is unaware of his condition, then once she learns of it she has the option to annul the marriage.

359 — They unanimously agree that a man, even after the marriage contract has been concluded, is not deemed muḥṣan (a legally married person whose adultery incurs stoning) until he has consummated the marriage with his wife.

(1) On this point al-Hasan diverged from the majority. Al-Nakhaʿi held that a father may marry off his daughter as long as she lives under his roof; but if she is separated (baʾina) and residing in her own house with her children, he must first seek her consent. See al-Mughni, 7/33. There it is reported: “Ismail ibn Ishaq said: I know of no one who sided with al-Hasan concerning the daughter; his view is isolated, running contrary to the scholars and to the established sunnah. Al-Khansaʾ bint Khidam al-Ansariyya related that her father married her off while she was previously married (thayyib); she disliked it and came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, who annulled the marriage.” The hadith is in al-Bukhari and is accepted by all the leading Imams. Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr states: “The authenticity of this report and the ruling based on it are unanimously acknowledged; we know of no dissenting voice except that of al-Hasan.”

كتاب النكاح ٣٤٩ - وأجمعوا أن نكاح الأب ابنته الثيب بغير رضاها: لا يَجوز (١). ٣٥٠ - وأجمعوا أن نكاح الأب ابنته الصغيرة البكر جائز إذا زوَّجها من كفء. ٣٥١ - وأجمعوا أن نكاح الأب ابنه الصغير جائز. ٣٥٢ - وأجمعوا أن الكافر لا يكون وليًّا لابنته المسلمة. ٣٥٣ - وأجمعوا أن للمرأة أن تَمنع من دخول الزوج عليها حتى يعطيها مهرها. ٣٥٤ - وأجمعوا أن للسلطان أن يُزوِّج المرأة إذا أرادت النكاح، ودعت إلى كفء، وامتنع الولي أن يزوجها. ٣٥٥ - وأجمعوا على أن العجمي والمولى إذا تزوج أَمَة قوم، فأولدها أن الأولاد رقيق. ٣٥٦ - وأجمعوا أن الأَمَة إذا أُعتقت، وهي تَحت عبد أن لها الخيار. ٣٥٧ - وأجمعوا أن أحكام الخصي والمجبوب في ستر العورة في الصلاة، والإمامة، وما يلبسه في حال الإحرام، وما يصيبه من الميراث، وما يسهم له في الغنائم، أحكام الرجال. ٣٥٨ - وأجمعوا على أن المجبوب إذا نكح امرأة، ولم تعلم؛ ثُمَّ علمت أن لها الخيار. ٣٥٩ - وأجمعوا على أن الرجل وإن عقد النكاح فلا يكون محصنًا حتى يدخل بِها ويصيبها.

(١) خالف في هذا الحسن؛ وقال النخعي: يزوِّج بنته إذا كانت في عياله، فإن كانت بائنة في بيتها مع عيالها استأمرها، كما في المغني (٧/ ٣٣)، وفيه: "قال إسماعيل بن إسحاق: لا أعلم أحدًا قال في البنت بقول الحسن, وهو قولٌ شاذ, خالف فيه أهل العلم والسنة الثابتة, فإن الخنساء ابنة خذام الأنصارية, روت أن أباها زوجها وهي ثيب, فكرهت ذلك, فأتت رسول الله ﷺ فرد نكاحه رواه البخاري, والأئمة كلهم؛ وقال ابن عبد البر: هذا الحديث مجمع على صحته, والقول به, لا نعلم مخالفا له إلا الحسن .. ".اهـ