Al-Ijmāʿ - Ibn al-Mundhir - (81)

Al-IjmāʿIbn al-Mundhir

Book of Inheritance Shares

277 — God—majestic is His remembrance and exalted are His Names—said: “Allah instructs you concerning your children: to the male a share equal to that of two females. If the heirs are women, more than two, they shall receive two-thirds of what he left; and if there is only one, she shall have half” (Q 4:11). They are unanimously agreed that, when no other Qur’anic heir with a fixed portion is present, the estate of the deceased is divided among all his children, the male receiving the share of two females. If a fixed-share heir is present, that portion is allocated first and the remainder is distributed among the children so that the male receives twice the share of the female.

278 — They unanimously agree that two (1) daughters receive two-thirds.

279 — They unanimously agree that grandsons and grand-daughters through a son take the place of sons and daughters—the males like males and the females like females—whenever the deceased leaves no child born of his own body.

280 — They unanimously agree that the children of daughters neither inherit nor block others from inheritance, except in the disputed cases among the cognate relatives (dhawū al-arḥām).

281 — They unanimously agree that grand-daughters through a son receive no inheritance when the daughters have already taken the full two-thirds, provided that no grandson through a son accompanies them.

282 — They unanimously agree that, if the deceased leaves behind daughters together with a grand-daughter or grand-daughters through a son, the daughter is entitled to one-half and the grand-daughters through a son receive one-sixth (2), completing the two-thirds.

283 — They unanimously agree that, if the deceased leaves a daughter and a grandson through a son, the daughter receives one-half and the remainder goes to the grandson through a son.

284 — They unanimously agree that, if the deceased leaves three (3) grand-daughters through a son in successive generations, the eldest of them is allotted one-half, the next one-sixth, and whatever remains passes to the agnatic heirs.

(1) In the T copy: “the two females.” (2) (9/a). (3) This is the reading in Kh and T; in Q (2656) it appears as: “three daughters and a grandson (the son’s son).”

كتاب الفرائض ٢٧٧ - قال الله جل ذكره وتقدست أسماؤه: ﴿يُوصِيكُمُ اللَّهُ فِي أوْلادِكُمْ لِلذكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِ الأُنْثَيْينِ فَإن كُنَّ نِسَاءً فَوْقْ اثنَتَينِ فَلَهُنَّ ثُلُثَا مَا تَرَكَ وَإنْ كَانَتْ وَاحِدَةً فَلَهَا النِّصْفُ﴾ [النساء: ١١]. وأجمعوا على أن مال الميت بين جميع ولده للذكر مثل حظ الأُنثيين، إذا لم يكن معهم أحد من أهل الفرائض، وإذا كان معهم من له فرض معلوم، بُدِئ بفرضه فأعطيه، وجُعِل الفاضل من المال بين الولد: للذكر مثل حظ الأُنثيين. ٢٧٨ - وأجمعوا على أن [للثنتَيْن] (١) من البنات: الثُلُثَيْن. ٢٧٩ - وأجمعوا على أن بني الابن وبنات الابن يقومون مقام البنين والبنات ذكورهم كذكورهم، وإناثهم كإناثهم، إذا لم يكن للميت ولد لصلبه. ٢٨٠ - وأجمعوا على أن ولد البنات لا يورثون ولا يحجبون إلا ما اختلف فيه من ذوي الأرحام. ٢٨١ - وأجمعوا على أن لا ميراث لبنات الابن إذا استكمل البنات الثلثين، وذلك إذا لم يكن مع بنات الابن ذكر. ٢٨٢ - وأجمعوا على أنه إن ترك: بنات، وبنت ابن أو بنات ابن: فللابنة النصف، ولبنات الابن السدس (٢) تكملة الثلثين. ٢٨٣ - وأجمعوا على أنه إن ترك: بنتًا، وابن ابن، فلابنته النصف وما بقي فلابن الابن. ٢٨٤ - وأجمعوا على أنه إن ترك: [ثلاث بنات ابن] (٣)، بعضهن أسفل من بعض، فللعليا منهن النصف، والتي تليها السدس، وما بقي فللعصبة.

(١) في ط: [الأنثيين]. (٢) (٩/أ). (٣) هكذا في (خ، ط)؛ وفي ق (٢٦٥٦): [ثلاث بنات وابن ابن].