Al-IjmāʿIbn al-Mundhir

261 – They unanimously agree that if a man owns a slave-girl, people know that he has intercourse with her and he himself admits it before selling her, then he sells her, after which a pregnancy is noticed and she gives birth in the purchaser’s possession in less than six months from the date of sale, and the seller claims the child as his, the child is to be ascribed to him.

Book of Testimony and Its Rulings

262 – They unanimously agree that the testimony of a Muslim man who is adult, sane, free, articulate, of known lineage and sound eyesight; who is not the father of the person for whom he testifies, nor his son, brother, employee, husband, [nor a ṣadīq (close friend)] (1), nor an adversary, nor a [ʿabd (slave)] (2), partner, agent, or neighbor whose testimony would benefit himself in any way; who is free of religious innovation, not a poet notorious for satirizing people, not someone absorbed in playing chess, not a wine-drinker, not one who maligns Muslims, and from whom no sin, great or small, is openly known; who performs the obligatory duties and avoids the forbidden acts—such testimony is admissible, and the judge is obliged to accept it, provided there are two such men or one man together with two women.

263 – They unanimously agree that the testimony of a man on behalf of his brother is admissible, so long as he is upright (3).

264 – They unanimously agree that if there is an active dispute between the witness and one of the litigants, his testimony is not to be accepted (4).

265 – They unanimously agree that if a man used to drink wine until he became intoxicated, then repented, and thereafter gives testimony, his testimony must be accepted, provided he is upright.

(1) Omitted in the T edition. (2) As in MS Kh; in T: [enemy]. In Q (2923), instead of [nor opponent nor slave] it reads: [nor friend nor enemy]. (3) Q (2926) adds: [It is reported from Malik that he said: A brother’s testimony for his brother is inadmissible in matters of lineage but admissible in matters of legal rights]. (4) Q (2943) adds: [I know of no disagreement on this point; however, if the two reconcile, remain so for a long time, and he later testifies against him, his testimony must be accepted].
قبل بيعها ثم باعها، فظهر بها حمل، وولدت عند المشتري لأقل من ستة أشهر من عقد البيع، وادعاه البائع أن الولد لاحق به. كتاب الشهادات وأحكامَها ٢٦٢ - وأجمعوا على أن شهادة الرجل المسلم البالغ العاقل الْحُرِّ الناطق المعروف النسب البصير، الذي ليس بوالد المشهود له، ولا ولد ولا أخ، ولا أجير، ولا زوج، [ولا صديق] (١)، ولا خصم، ولا [عبد] (٢)، ولا شريك، ولا وكيل، ولا جار بشهادته إلى نفسه شيئًا، ولا يكون صاحب بدعة، ولا شاعر يعرف بإذاية الناس، ولا لاعبًا بالشطرنج يشتغل، ولا شارب خمر، ولا قاذفًا للمسلمين ولم يظهر منه ذنب؛ وهو مقيم عليه صغير أو كبير، وهو ممن يؤدي الفرائض ويَجتنب المحارم: جائزة، يجب على الحاكم قبولها، إذا كانا رجلين، أو رجلاً وامرأتين. ٢٦٣ - وأجمعوا على أن شهادة الأخ لأخيه إذا كان عدلاً جائزة (٣). ٢٦٤ - وأجمعوا على أن الخصومة إذا كانت قائمة بين الشاهد والخصم أن لا تقبل شهادته (٤). ٢٦٥ - وأجمعوا على أن الرجل إذا كان يشرب الخمر من الشراب حتى يسكر ثم تاب، فشهد بشهادة، وجب أن تقبل شهادته إذا كان عدلاً.
(١) سقطت من ط. (٢) هكذا في خ، وفي ط: [عدو]؛ وفي ق (٢٩٢٣) جاء بدلاً من [ولا خصم ولا عبد]: [ولا صديق ولا عدو]. (٣) زاد في ق (٢٩٢٦): [وروي عن مالك أنه قال: لا تجوز شهادة الأخ لأخيه في النسب وتجوز في الحقوق]. (٤) زاد في ق (٢٩٤٣): [ولا أعلم في ذلك خلافًا، ولكنهما إذا اصطلحا ومكثا بعده طويلاً ثم شهد عليه بشهادة وجب قبول شهادته].

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