Book of Prayer

34 – They are unanimously agreed that the time for ẓuhr (the noon prayer) begins once the sun has passed its zenith (1).

35 – They are unanimously agreed that maghrib (the sunset prayer) becomes obligatory when the sun sets (2).

36 – They are unanimously agreed that the time for ṣubḥ (the dawn prayer) starts at daybreak (3).

37 – They are unanimously agreed that whoever performs the dawn prayer after daybreak but before sunrise has offered it within its prescribed time.

38 – They are unanimously agreed on combining ẓuhr and ʿaṣr (the noon and afternoon prayers) at ʿArafah, and combining maghrib and ʿishāʾ (the sunset and night prayers) on the eve of the Day of Sacrifice (4).

39 – They are unanimously agreed that it is sunnah to face the qiblah (direction of prayer) while giving the adhān (call to prayer).

40 – They are unanimously agreed that it is sunnah for the muʿadhdhin (caller to prayer) to give the adhān standing. Abū Thawr alone held that he may give it seated without any excuse (5).

41 – They are unanimously agreed that it is sunnah to call the adhān for each prayer only after its time has begun, except for the dawn prayer.

42 – They are unanimously agreed that prayer is not valid without niyyah (intention) (6).

43 – They are unanimously agreed that the Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—used to raise his hands when initiating the prayer.