Al-Ijmāʿ - Ibn al-Mundhir - (113)

Book of Interdiction (ḥajr)

536 — They unanimously agree that the property of an orphan must be delivered to him once he reaches the age of marriage and sound judgment is observed in him.

537 — They unanimously agree that interdiction is obligatory for anyone who squanders his wealth, whether minor or adult. Al-Nuʿmān and Zafar alone dissented, saying: A free adult who has reached full manhood is not to be placed under interdiction (1).

538 — They unanimously agree that any acknowledgment a person under interdiction makes against himself is valid.

Book of Bankruptcy (taflīs)

539 — They unanimously agree that an insolvent debtor may be detained for unpaid debts. ʿUmar ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz (2) alone dissented, saying: His assets should be divided among his creditors and he should not be detained (3).

540 — They unanimously agree that any debt owed by a bankrupt person that is deferred to a specified term remains due only at its appointed time and does not fall due immediately because of his bankruptcy.

(1) ‘Abd al-Aziz al-Bukhari states in Kashf al-Asrar, his commentary on Usul al-Bazdawi, 4:235: “…This resembles Abu Hanifa’s position regarding the safih (financially irresponsible person): once he reaches twenty-five years of age, his property is delivered to him even if no rushd (discernible sound judgment) is evident, although the scriptural text links delivery of the property to the observation of rushd, and whatever is conditional does not exist before its condition is fulfilled. Yet once this age is completed, he will in all likelihood have attained maturity of judgment, and ordinary testing generally suffices.” (2) In manuscript Kh: al-Rahman. (3) The author discusses this issue in detail in his work Al-Iqnaʿ, 2:563–564.

كتاب الحَجْر ٥٣٦ - وأجمعوا على أن مال اليتيم يدفع إليه، إذا بلغ النكاح وأونس منه الرشد. ٥٣٧ - وأجمعوا على أن الحجر يَجب على كل مُضيِّع لماله من صغير وكبير. وانفرد النعمان وزَفَر، فقالا: لا يُحجر على الحرِّ البالغ، إذا بلغ مبالغ الرجال (١). ٥٣٨ - وأجمعوا على أن إقرار المحجور على نفسه جائز. كتاب التفليس ٥٣٩ - وأجمعوا على أن يَحبسوا في الديون. وانفرد عمر بن عبد [العزيز] (٢) فقال: يقسم ماله ولا يُحبس (٣). ٥٤٠ - وأجمعوا على أن ما كان من دَيْن للمفلس إلى أجل أن ذلك إلى أجله لا يَحل بإفلاسه.

(١) قال عبد العزيز البخاري في كشف الأسرار شرح أصول البزدوي (٤/ ٢٣٥): " ... مثل ما قال أبو حنيفة في السفيه إذا بلغ خمسًا وعشرين سنة، يُدفع ماله إليه، وإن لم يؤنس منه رشد مع أن دفع المال إليه معلَّق بإيناس الرشد بالنص والمعلَّق بالشرط معدوم قبل وجوده لأنه لما استوفى هذه المدة لابد من ان يستفيد رشدًا والامتحان في الغالب".اهـ (٢) في خ: [الرحمن]. (٣) وللمصنف تفصيل في هذه المسألة في كتابه الإقناع (٢/ ٥٦٤، ٥٦٣).