(1) Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyya notes in Majmuʿ al-Fatawa, 19:253: “The terms jizya and diya belong to the morphological pattern fiʿla, both derived from the verb jazā–yajzī (to settle, to discharge a due). Hence the Prophet’s saying: ‘Tajzī ʿanka wa-lā tajzī ʿan aḥad baʿdak’—‘It will discharge the obligation for you but not for anyone after you.’ Originally the form is jazāʾ, then jizya, just as one says waʿada, ʿidda (promise, number) or wazana, zinna (weigh, weight). The same applies to diya, which comes from wadā–yadī, diya, analogous to waʿada, ʿidda … The jurists differed over whether the amount of the jizya is fixed by the Sacred Law or left to the discretion of the ruler. The correct view is that it is not legally fixed: its determination depends on whatever the ruler judges to be in the public interest and on what the treaty-bound non-Muslims accept. That sum then becomes a binding obligation they juzzūnahu, that is, they purposefully discharge and pay it.”