Qāʿidah fī Qitāl al-KuffārIbn Taimiya

Such polytheism was unknown among the Arabs; rather, the Arabs acknowledged that Allah is the Creator of all things. For that reason, statements of this kind are mentioned only in connection with the zanādiqa (heretical freethinkers). One of the Qur’an commentators, Ibn al-Sāʾib, said about the verse, “Yet they set up the jinn as partners with Allah, though He created them” (Q 6:100): “It was revealed concerning the zanādiqa, who assigned Iblīs a share in creation. They said, ‘Allah is the creator of light, humankind, beasts of burden and cattle, whereas Iblīs is the creator of darkness, predators, snakes and scorpions.’” (1)

…darkness. Some of them maintained that darkness is eternal and without beginning—even though, in their view, it is reprehensible and in no way comparable to light. Others claimed instead that it is created, and that light once conceived an evil thought from which darkness subsequently emerged … As for the Arab pagans and similar groups, they acknowledged the Maker and that He created the heavens and the earth; consequently, the creed of the Arab idolaters was better than that of those eternalist philosophers. (1) Ibn Taymiyya cites this report, attributing the occasion of revelation of the verse to al-Kalbi, and reproduces it in exactly the same form in his Fatawa (17/271). Abu Hatim also records it in his Tafsir (4/1259), and Abu Shaykh, as transmitted in al-Durr al-Manthur (3/247), relates it on the authority of Mujahid, who said: “This verse was revealed concerning …”
وَهَذَا الشِّرْكُ لَا يُعْرَفُ فِي العَرِبِ، بَلْ العَرَبُ كَانَتْ مُقِرَّةً بِأَنَّ اللهَ خَالِقُ كُلِّ شِيءٍ؛ وَلِهَذَا إِنَّمَا يُذْكَرُ مِثْلُ هَذَا القَولِ عَنِ الزَّنَادِقَة، كَمَا ذَكَرَ بَعْضُ المُفَسِّرِينَ كَابْنِ السَّائِبِ فِي قَولِهِ: ﴿وَجَعَلُوا لِلَّهِ شُرَكَاءَ الْجِنَّ وَخَلَقَهُمْ﴾ قَالَ: نَزَلَتْ فِي الزَّنَادِقَة، أثْبَتُوا الشِّرْكَةَ لإِبْلِيس فِي الخَلْق، فَقَالُوا: اللهُ خَالِقُ النُّورِ وَالنَّاسِ وَالدَّوَابِ وَالأَنْعَام، وَإِبْلِيسُ خَالِقُ الظُّلْمَةَ والسِّبَاعِ وَالحَيَّاتِ وَالعَقَارِبِ (١).
= الظلمة، ومنهم من قال: إن الظلمة قديمة أزليَّة، مع أنها مذمومة عندهم ليست مماثلة للنور، ومنهم من قال: بل هي حادثة، وأن النور فكَّر فكرة رديئة، فحدثت الظلمة عن تلك الفكرة الرديئة ... وأما مشركو العرب وأمثالهم، فكانوا مقرين بالصانع، وبأنه خلق السموات والأرض، فكانت عقيدة مشركي العرب خيرًا من عقيدة هؤلاء الفلاسفة الدهرية). (١) هكذا أورده شيخ الإسلام في سبب نزول هذه الآية عن الكلبي، وذكره هكذا أيضًا كما في الفتاوى (١٧/ ٢٧١)، وقد أخرج أبو حاتم في تفسيره (٤/ ١٢٥٩)، وأبو الشيخ كما في الدر المنثور (٣/ ٢٤٧): عن مجاهد قال نزلت هذه الآية في =

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