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of jizya was revealed, it stipulated that no treaty was to be offered to active opponents save on the terms of subjugation and payment of jizya. By that verse, the agreements the Prophet ﷺ had previously concluded with the People of the Book and others were annulled, for at that earlier stage Islam was still weak (1).
…at Khaybar they were allowed to remain as tenant-farmers exempt from jizya until Umar expelled them. They had been under a truce with him and were cultivating the land; he therefore kept them on because the Muslims needed their labour, but shortly before his death he ordered their removal.
(1) The printed edition has: “Islam exists only when it is weak.”
الجِزْيَة كَانَ فِيهَا: أَنَّ المُحَارِبِينَ لا يُعْقَدْ لهمْ عَهْدٌ إِلَّا بِالصَّغَارِ وَالجِزْيَة، وَرُفِعَ بِذَلِكَ مَا كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَعْقِدُهُ لِأَهْلِ الكِتَابِ وَغَيرِهِمْ مِنَ العَهْدِ؛ لِكَونِ الإِسْلَامِ إِذْ ذَاكَ كَانَ ضَعِيفًا (١).
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= بخيبر فلاحين بلا جزية إلى أن أجلاهم عمر؛ لأنهم كانوا مهادنين له، وكانوا فلاحين في الأرض فأقرهم لحاجة المسلمين إليهم، ثم أمر بإجلائهم قبل موته).
(١) في المطبوعة: (يكون الإسلام إذا كان ضعيفًا).