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and the hadith that is cited—“They once possessed a scripture, but it was taken away” (1)—was classed as weak by Ahmad. Even if we were to grant its authenticity, the Arabs had originally followed the religion of Abraham; once they became polytheists, the legacy of their forefathers no longer availed them. Likewise, were the People of the Book to cast aside the Torah and the Gospel, they would be no different from any other polytheists (2).
(1) Reported by Abu Ya‘la, Musnad, 1:257; al-Shafi‘i, Musnad, 2:131—from whom it is cited by Ibn Zanjuyah, al-Amwal, 1:149—and also by al-Bayhaqi, al-Sunan al-kubra, 9:188. It is likewise recorded by ‘Abd al-Razzaq, Musannaf, 6:70, and by Abu Yusuf, al-Kharaj, p. 129, all on the authority of ‘Ali. In the isnad appears Abu Sa‘d al-Baqqal, a transmitter of weak reliability; nonetheless, Ibn Hajar concludes that the chain is hasan (Fath al-bari, 6:261).
(2) Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyya states in al-Fatawa, 32:189: “If someone says, ‘It is narrated from ‘Ali that they once possessed a book which was later removed,’ we answer: Ahmad and others have judged this hadith weak. Even if it were sound, it only shows that they formerly had a book that was withdrawn, not that they now possess one. Consequently, they cannot rightly be counted among the People of the Book, for they hold no scripture in their hands—whether altered or unaltered, abrogated or unabrogated. At most, their former possession leaves them with the mere semblance of a scripture…”
وَالحدِيثُ الَّذِي يُرْوَى: "أَنَّهُ كَانَ لَهُمْ كِتَاب فَرُفِعَ" (١)، قَدْ ضَعَّفَهُ أَحْمَدُ.
وَبِتَقْدِيرِ صِحَّتِهِ: فَالعَرَبُ كَانُوا عَلَى دِينِ إبْرَاهِيم، فَلَّمَا صَارُوا مُشْرِكِينَ مَا بَقِي يَنْفَعُهُمْ أَجْدَادُهُمْ، وَكَذَلِكَ أَهْلُ الكِتَابِ لَو نبَذُوا التَّورَاةَ وَالإِنْجِيلَ لَكَانُوا كَغَيرِهِمْ مِنَ المُشْرِكِينَ (٢).
(١) أخرجه أبو يعلى (١/ ٢٥٧)، والشافعي في مسنده (٢/ ١٣١)، ومن طريقه ابن زنجويه في الأموال (١/ ١٤٩)، وأيضًا البيهقي في سننه (٩/ ١٨٨)، وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (٦/ ٧٠) وأبو يوسف في الخراج ص (١٢٩) عن علي ﵁.
والحديث في سنده أبي سعد البقال، فيه ضعف؛ لكن قال ابن حجر في الفتح (٦/ ٢٦١): إسناده حسن.
(٢) قال شيخ الإسلام في الفتاوى (٣٢/ ١٨٩): (فإن قيل: روي عن علي: "أنه كان لهم كتاب فرفع"، قيل هذا الحديث قد ضعفه أحمد وغيره، وإن صح فإنه إنما يدل على أنه كان لهم كتاب فرفع، لا أنه الآن بأيديهم كتاب، وحينئذ فلا يصح أن يدخلوا في لفظ أهل الكتاب؛ إذ ليس بأيديهم كتاب لا مبدل ولا غير مبدل ولا منسوخ ولا غير منسوخ، ولكن إذا كان لهم كتاب ثم رفع بقي لهم شبهة كتاب، =