Qāʿidah fī Qitāl al-KuffārIbn Taimiya

namely, that he must choose one of three courses:
• Either he embraces Islam and emigrates,
• or he embraces Islam while remaining a desert Arab, not a Muhājir,
• or he pays the jizyah with his own hand in a state of submission.
If he refuses all three, he is to be fought.

Buraidah was among those who went with ʿAlī to Yemen, where ʿAlī fought, took captives and spoils, and then returned to the Prophet ﷺ during the Farewell Pilgrimage. Nowhere in the hadith record is it stated that the Prophet ﷺ differentiated, in collecting the jizyah, between People of the Book and other polytheists, nor did he instruct ʿAlī, Muʿādh, or anyone else to make such a distinction, even though he knew that Yemen contained both idolaters and scripturalists.

Furthermore, when he ordered Muʿādh to take from every adult male one dinar—or its equivalent in Maʿāfir cloth (1)—he mentioned no distinction at all.

The Magians are of the same stamp as the rest of the polytheists; they possess no commendable trait that would grant them any special status.

(1) Maʿafir: a kind of cloth produced in Yemen, so called after the Maʿafir tribe of that region; the initial m is an added prefix. See: Ibn al-Athir, Al-Nihaya fi gharib al-hadith, vol. 3, p. 262, under the root ʿ-f-r.
* إِمَّا أَنْ يُسْلِمَ وَيُهَاجِرَ. * أَو يُسْلِمَ وَيَكُونُ أَعْرَابِيًّا غَيرَ مُهَاجِرٍ. * أَو يُعْطِيَ الجِزْيَةَ عَنْ يَدٍ وَهُوَ صَاغِرٌ. فَإِنْ امْتَنَعَ مِنَ الثَّلَاثِ قُوتِلَ، وَبُرَيدَةُ مِمَّنْ ذَهَبَ مَعَ عَليٍّ إِلَى اليَمَنِ، وَعَلَيٌّ قَاتَلَ بِاليَمَنِ وَسبَى وَغَنِمَ، وَقَدِمَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي حَجَّةِ الوَدَاع، فَلَمْ يُذْكَرْ فِي شَيءٍ مِنَ الأَحَادِيثِ أَنْ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَرَّقَ فِي أَخْذِ الجِزَيةِ بَينَ كِتَابِيٍّ وَغَيرِ كِتَابِيٍّ، وَلَا عَهِدَ ذلك إِلَى عَليٍّ وَمُعَاذٍ وَغَيرِهِمَا، مَعَ عِلْمِهِ بَأَنَّ اليَمَنَ فِيهِ مُشْرِكُونَ، وَفِيهِ أَهْلُ الكِتَابِ. وَلمَّا أَمَرَ مُعَاذًا أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْ كُلِّ حَالِمٍ دِينَارًا أَو عَدْله مَعَافِر (١)، لَمْ يَذْكُرْ فَرْقًا. وَالمَجُوسُ مِنْ جِنْسِ سَائِرِ المُشْرِكِينَ لَيسَ لهمْ مَزِيَّة يُحْمَدُونَ بِهَا،
(١) معافر: (هي برود باليمن منسوبة إلى معافر، وهي قبيلة باليمن والميم زائدة) النهاية في غريب الحديث (٣/ ٢٦٢) مادة: عفر.

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