Qāʿidah fī Qitāl al-Kuffār - Ibn Taimiya - (151)

On this point there is the ḥadith of Buraydah ibn al-Ḥuṣayb al-Aslamī, recorded in Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim. He said:

“Whenever the Prophet ﷺ placed someone in command of a detachment or an army, he would first counsel him, for his own sake, to fear Allah, and to treat the Muslims under him well. Then he would say:

‘Advance in the name of Allah, along the path of Allah. Fight those who deny Allah. Go forth, but do not misappropriate the spoils, do not act treacherously, do not mutilate, and do not kill a child. When you meet your enemy from among the polytheists, invite them to three alternatives; whichever of them they accept, accept it from them and cease hostilities.

First, call them to Islam; if they respond, accept it from them and halt your fighting.

Next, invite them to migrate from their land to the Abode of the Emigrants, and inform them that if they do so they will have the same rights and duties as the Emigrants. If they refuse to migrate, then tell them that they will be like the Muslim Bedouins…’

No truce may be concluded unless it includes payment of the jizya; rather, he is to fight them until they hand over the jizya with their own hands while humbled. … When Surat Bara’a (al-Tawba) was revealed, he was ordered to revoke those unrestricted treaties and to fight the People of the Book until they pay the jizya; all others, a fortiori, are to be fought and not granted any treaty.

وَعَلَى هَذَا حَدَيثُ بُرَيدَةَ بنِ الحَصَيبِ الأَسْلَمِي الَّذِي فِي صَحِيحِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ: (كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِذَا أَمَّرَ أَمِيرًا عَلَى سَرِيَّةٍ أَو جَيشٍ أَوصَاهُ فِي خَاصَّةِ نَفْسِهِ بِتَقْوَى الله، وَمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنَ المُسْلِمِينَ خَيَرًا. ثُمَّ قَالَ: اُغْزُوا بِاسْمِ الله، فِي سَبِيلِ الله، قَاتِلُوا مَنْ كَفَرَ بِالله، اُغْزُوا، وَلَا تَغَلُّوا، ولَا تَغْدُرُوا، ولَا تُمثِّلِوا، ولَا تَقْتُلُوا وَليدًا، وَإِذَا لَقِيتَ عَدُوَّكَ مِنَ المُشْرِكِينَ فَادْعُهُمْ إِلَى ثَلَاثَةِ خِصَالٍ أَو خِلَالٍ: فَأَيَّتُهُنَّ مَا أَجَابُوكَ فَأَقْبَلْ مِنْهُمْ، وَكُفَّ عَنْهُمْ، ثُمَّ اُدْعُهُمْ إِلَى الإِسْلَام، فَإِنْ أَجَابُوكَ فَأَقْبَلْ مِنْهُمْ، وَكُفَّ عَنْهُمْ. ثُمَّ اُدْعُهُمْ إِلَى التَحَوُّلِ مِنْ دَارِهِمْ إِلَى دَارِ المُهَاجِرِين، وَأَخْبِرْهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ إِنْ فَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ فَلَهُمْ مَا لِلْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَعَلَيهِمْ مَا عَلَى المُهَاجِرِينَ، فَإِنْ أَبَوا أَنْ يَتَحَوُّلُوا مِنْهَا فَأَخْبِرْهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ يَكُونُونَ كَأَعْرَابِ المُسْلِمِينَ،

= لا يهادن بغير جزية؛ بل يقاتل حتى يعطوا الجزية عن يد وهم صاغرون ... فلما نزلت براءة أمره فيها بنبذ هذه العهود المطلقة، وأمره أن يقاتل أهل الكتاب حتى يعطوا الجزية، فغيرهم أولى أن يقاتلوا ولا يعاهدوا).