16
[The Fourth Proof for the Prohibition of Fighting Those Unbelievers Who Do Not Fight]
Moreover, with respect to those whom we take up arms against because of their hostility: once they pay the jizyah directly, in a state of submission, it is no longer lawful to fight them (1) provided they are People of the Book or Magians—this is unanimously agreed upon by the scholars. If they belong to the pagan nations of the Turks, the Indians, and the like, then the majority of scholars likewise rule that fighting them under those circumstances is impermissible (2); this is the view of Malik and Abu Hanifah,
(1) Shaykh al-Islam states in Al-Sarim al-Maslul, 2/487: “Allah has ordered us to fight them until they pay the jizya by their own hand while they are subdued. This payment has a beginning and a completion: its beginning is their pledge and guarantee, and its completion is the actual remittance of the sum. One aspect of their state of subjugation is that the legal rulings of the Muslims apply to them.”
(2) Shaykh al-Islam writes in Al-Siyasah al-Sharʿiyyah, p. 106: “The People of the Book and the Magians are to be fought until they either embrace Islam or pay the jizya by their own hand while they are subdued, whereas regarding others the jurists have disagreed about the permissibility of taking the jizya from them.” He also says in Al-Safadiyyah, 2/321: “Once they have paid the jizya by their own hand while humbled, the divinely-mandated fighting has been carried out; thereafter the scholars differed, after the revelation of the verse on jizya, as to whether it may be taken from the People of the Book …”
[الدَّلِيلُ الرَّابِعُ عَلَى تَحْرِيمِ قِتَالِ مَنْ لَمْ يُقَاتِلْ مِنَ الكُفَّارِ]
وَأَيضًا: فَالَّذِينَ نُقَاتِلُهُمْ لحِرِابِهِمْ مَتَى آتَوْا الجِزْيَةَ عَنْ يَدٍ وَهُمْ صَاغِرُوْنَ لَمْ يَجُزْ قِتَالُهُمْ (١) إِذَا كَانَوا أَهْلَ كِتَابٍ أَوْ مَجُوْسًا بِاتِّفَاقِ العُلَمَاءِ.
وإِنْ كَانُوْا مِنْ مُشْرِكِي التُّرْكِ وَالهِنْدِ وَنَحْوِهِمْ، فَأَكْثَرُ العُلَمَاءِ لَا يُجَوِّزُوْنَ قِتَالَهمْ حِينَئِذٍ (٢)، وَهَذَا مَذْهَبُ مَالِكٍ، وَأَبِي حَنِيفَةَ،
(١) وقال شيخ الإسلام في الصارم المسلول (٢/ ٤٨٧): (وذلك لأن الله أمرنا بقتالهم إلى أن يعطوا الجزية عن يد وهم صاغرون، والإعطاء له مبتدأ وتمام، فمبتدؤه الالتزام والضمان، ومنتهاه الأداء والإعطاء، ومن الصغار جريان أحكام المسلمين عليهم).
(٢) قال شيخ الإسلام في السياسة الشرعية ص (١٠٦): (فأما أهل الكتاب والمجوس فيقاتلون حتى يسلموا أو يعطوا الجزية عن يد وهم صاغرون، ومن سواهم فقد اختلف الفقهاء في أخذ الجزية منهم). وقال شيخ الإسلام في الصفدية (٢/ ٣٢١): (إذا أعطوا الجزية عن يد وهم صاغرون فقد قوتلوا القتال المأمور به، ثم العلماء مختلفون بعد نزول آية الجزية هل تؤخذ من أهل الكتاب =