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while this verse is specific and restricted, whereas the other is general and unqualified and does not explicitly sanction killing him. Even should the person be a very old, decrepit man, an insane man, or a blind man who cannot fight with hand or tongue—such as Duraid ibn al-Simmah—the Muslims still killed him because he was a strategist whose counsel was valuable. The same ruling applies to a woman who offers military counsel: she may be fought, just as the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, declared the blood of Hind and others who waged war with their tongues to be forfeited. Therefore, whoever fights—whether with his hand or with his tongue—is to be fought (1).
= the children of enemy combatants; the rationale they share with women is that, according to the sound view upheld by the majority, neither group belongs to those who engage in fighting.
(1) Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyya, As-Sarim al-Maslul, 2/516: “It is clear that anyone who neither fights with his own hand nor aids the battle with his tongue cannot in any sense be classified as a combatant. Nonetheless, we do not deny that those whose killing is ordinarily forbidden—such as the monk, the blind man, the very elderly, the incapacitated, and the like—if they hold strategic opinions about the war and speak in ways that assist the fight against the Muslims, assume the same ruling as combatants.”
وَهَذِهِ الآَيَةُ خَاصَّةٌ مُقَيَّدَةٌ، وَتِلْكَ مُطْلَقَةٌ، لَمْ يُصَرَّحْ فِيهَا بِقَتْلِهِ. وإِنْ كَانَ شَيخًا كَبِيرًا فَانِيًا، أَوْ مَجْنُونًا، أَوْ مَكْفُوفًا لا يُقَاتِلْ بِيَدٍ وَلَا لِسَانٍ، مِثْل دُرَيدِ ابنِ الصُّمَّة، فَإِنَّ المُسْلِمِينَ قَتَلُوْهُ؛ لِكَوْنِهِ ذَا رَأْيٍ.
وَكَذَلِكَ المَرْأَةُ إِذَا كَانَتْ ذَاتَ رَأْيٍ تُقَاتَلْ، كَمَا أَهْدَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ دَمَ هِنْدٍ وَغَيرِهِمَا مِمَّن كَانَ يُقَاتِلُ بِلِسَانِهِ.
فَمَنْ قَاتَلَ بِيَدٍ أَوْ لِسَانٍ، قُوْتِلَ (١).
= صبيان أهل الحرب، وأما العلة المشتركة بينهم وبين النساء، فكونهم ليسوا من أهل القتال على الصحيح الذي هو قول الجمهور).
(١) قال شيخ الإسلام في الصارم المسلول (٢/ ٥١٦): (ومعلوم أن من لم يقاتل بيده، ولا أعان على القتال بلسانه لم يجز أن ينسب إليه القتال بوجه من الوجوه، ونحن لا ننكر أن من لا يجوز قتله كالراهب والأعمى والشيخ الفاني والمقعد ونحوهم، إذا كان لهم رأي في القتال، وكلام يعينون به على قتال المسلمين كانوا بمنزلة المقاتلين).