Qāʿidah fī Qitāl al-KuffārIbn Taimiya

Medinan, whereas the verse in al-Taghābun is Meccan—or at least part of that sūrah is.

Abrogation (naskh) means annulment and removal (1). Thus, when a new verse eliminates what people had assumed the earlier verse indicated, it removes that presumption; in effect, it serves as a clarification.

According to many scholars (2), abrogation is the clarification—after a lapse of time—of matters that the general wording had not actually intended. It is therefore a kind of specification (takhṣīṣ), with the additional requirement that it be separated from the original ruling by a time gap.

Some maintain that, once the abrogated text is revealed, one must have recourse to the abrogating text as well. For them, abrogation resembles restricting an unqualified statement: it clarifies something the initial discourse did not convey. No one denies this sort of abrogation—not the Jews, nor anyone else.

(1) See Rawdat al-Nazir, 1:69. (2) Among those who upheld this view are Qadi Abu Bakr al-Baqillani, al-Sayrafi, Shaykh Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi, al-Ghazali, al-Amidi, Ibn al-Anbari, and others; see Irshad al-Fuhul, p. 312.
مَدَنِيَّةٌ، وَتِلْكَ فِي التَّغَابُنِ وَهِي مَكِّيَّةٌ، أَوْ بَعْضُهَا. والنَّسْخُ هُوَ: الرَّفْعُ وَالإِزَالَةُ (١)، فَإِذَا جَاءَتْ آيَةٌ رَفَعَتْ مَا يُظَنُّ دَلالَةَ تِلْكَ الآيَةِ عِلَيهَا كَانَتْ رَفْعًا لِهَذَا الظَّنِّ، وَهَذَا بَيَانٌ. وَعِنْدَ كَثِيرٍ مِنَ النَّاسِ (٢) أَنَّ النَّسْخَ هُوَ: بَيانُ مَا لَمْ يَرِدْ بِاللَّفْظِ العَامِ فِي الأزْمِانِ مَعْ تَرِاخِيهِ عَنْهُ، وَهُوَ نَوْعٌ مِنَ التَّخْصِيص، لَكِنْ يُشْتَرَطُ فِيهِ التَّرَاخِي. وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَقُولُ: لَابُدَّ عِنْد نُزُوْلِ المَنْسُوْخِ مِنْ الاسْتِعَارَةِ بِالنَّاسِخ، وَعَلَى هَذَا: فَالنَّسْخُ عِنْد هَؤلاءِ مِنْ جِنْسِ تَقْيِيدِ المُطْلَق، وَهُوَ بَيَانُ مَا لَمْ يَرِد بِالخِطَاب، وَهَذَا النَّسْخُ لا يُنْكِر أَحَدٌ، لا اليَهُوْدُ ولا غَيرُهُمْ.
(١) انظر: روضة الناظر (١/ ٦٩). (٢) منهم: القاضي أبو بكر الباقلاني، والصيرفي، والشيخ أبو إسحاق الشيرازي، والغزالي، والآمدي، وابن الانباري وغيرهم. انظر: (إرشاد الفحول) ص (٣١٢).

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