Likewise, if he cannot find a lower wrap, he may wear trousers without ripping them open; this is the sounder of the two scholarly opinions (1), for the Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—granted a dispensation for substitutes (2) at ʿArafāt (3), as narrated by Ibn ʿUmar (4).
In the same vein, he may put on anything that belongs to (5) the same class as the lower wrap and the upper cloak: he may drape himself in a qabāʾ (6), a jubba, a shirt, and the like, and—by unanimous agreement of the jurists—use such garments as a cover by wrapping them cross-wise. He may even wear them inside-out, turning the hem upward, and he may cover himself with a blanket or something similar. However, he must not cover his head unless necessity requires it, and the Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—forbade
(1) Shaykh al-Islam raises two questions:
– Wearing khuff (leather socks) when one cannot find sandals. According to the Hanbali school, he may wear the khuff without cutting them and incurs no expiation; this is one of their distinctive rulings. The majority, however, require that the khuff be cut below the ankle; otherwise a fidya (compensatory offering) is due.
– Wearing sarawil (trousers) when one cannot find an izar (waist-wrapper). The Hanafis and Malikis hold that wearing sarawil is not permissible, and if one does so he must offer a fidya, though the Hanafis add that if he opens the seams there is nothing due. The Shafiʿis and Hanbalis allow him to wear sarawil with no fidya.
References: Tuhfat al-Fuqahaʾ, p. 421; Bidayat al-Mujtahid, 2/91; al-Hawi, 4/97-98; Majmuʿ al-Fatawa, 21/191; al-Insaf, 3/464.
(2) MSS A and B read: “as a substitute.”
(3) MS A reads: “at Arafat.”
(4) All manuscript copies carry this reading; the correct form is “Ibn ʿAbbas.”
(5) The preposition min is omitted in MS B.
(6) Al-Mutliʿ, p. 208: “A close-fitting garment of foreign (non-Arab) origin.”