of the Black Stone. ⦗al-Furūʿ 6/65⦘.

– Ibn ʿAqīl and Ibn al-Zāghūnī stated: The pilgrim who is taking leave must not turn his back to the House until it has disappeared from sight. Abū al-ʿAbbās said, “This is a reprehensible innovation.” ⦗al-Furūʿ 6/65; Ikhtiyārāt al-Baʿlī p. 176⦘.

– It is unanimously unlawful to perform tawāf around anything other than the Ancient House, and they likewise agree that one must neither kiss it nor wipe oneself against it; such practices amount to shirk, and Allah does not forgive shirk, even when it is minor. ⦗al-Furūʿ 6/66; Ikhtiyārāt al-Baʿlī p. 176⦘.

– The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Whoever performs the pilgrimage and refrains from lewd talk and sinful conduct will return free of sin as on the day his mother bore him.” This ruling includes the mutamattiʿ from the moment he assumes iḥrām for ʿumrah. For that reason Imām Aḥmad rebuked those who claimed that the mutamattiʿ’s pilgrimage is merely a “Meccan pilgrimage.” ⦗Majmūʿ al-Fatāwā 26/52; al-Furūʿ 6/72; Ikhtiyārāt al-Baʿlī p. 176⦘.

– Anyone who believes that ḥajj removes from him the duty of prayer or zakah must be summoned to repent once the matter has been clarified for him; if he repents, well and good, but if he refuses he is to be executed. By unanimous agreement, the rights of other human beings—whether in property, honor, or blood—are not nullified by the performance of ḥajj. ⦗Mukhtaṣar al-Fatāwā al-Miṣriyyah 1/480; Ikhtiyārāt al-Baʿlī p. 177⦘.

– Second Issue: on multiplying ʿumrahs and performing them in close succession—such as a resident near the sanctuary performing an ʿumrah every day or every other day, or someone living near the miqāts two days’ travel from Mecca performing in a month