• Next, reflect on the great abundance of transmitted, rational, and empirical proofs that bear witness to Allah’s oneness. In every single thing there is a sign pointing to the fact that He is One.
The existence of all beings in the higher and lower worlds, their continued survival, and the diverse qualities with which they are endowed—all of this is evidence and proof of the existence of the One who originated them, arranged their affairs, and furnishes them with everything they need. Whoever denies this is merely being obstinate, rejecting the clearest matters and the greatest of realities.
From this you will understand that the materialist atheists are the most misguided and ignorant of mankind and the most deluded by pride. When they encountered a portion of the earthly, material, natural sciences of the universe, their limited minds came to a halt there. Bewilderment overtook them, and, puffed up by their meager knowledge, they declared: “We affirm only what our investigations have reached and reject everything else!”
Thus you see that their denial is—by the consensus of all rational people—sheer ignorance and falsehood, for whoever denies what he does not know only proves his own deceit and fabrication. Just as anyone who asserts something without knowledge is astray and misguided, so too is the one who denies something without knowledge.
You also realize that even their affirmation of the natural sciences they have learned and to which their knowledge has progressed is deficient; it has not reached its ultimate goal or true reality. Through it they have not arrived at the Creator and Originator of nature, nor have they grasped the purpose behind its order and causal relations. They have perceived only its outward aspect while remaining heedless of what is beneficial. They affirm part of the means yet are blind to the ultimate aim. In this knowledge of theirs they are confused, never gaining a firm footing on any matter, never producing a sound, consistent theory. They are constantly mired in confusion, disorder, and contradiction. Whenever decisive proofs come to them that invalidate their claims, they say, “This is one of nature’s accidents.” And whenever one of their leading figures or sharpest minds appears, he invents a new approach