• the right that belongs to Allah alone—worship—indicated by His words: “and glorify Him morning and evening”;
• the right that belongs exclusively to the Messenger, namely veneration and support;
• the shared right, which is faith in Allah and His Messenger.

• Benefit: Allah mentions yaqīn (certainty) in many passages of the Qur’an, always in contexts of the highest praise:
  • He tells us that certainty is the ultimate goal of the messengers in His statement, “and so that he might be among those who are certain” ⦗al-Anʿām 6:75⦘;
  • He states that, through patience and certainty, leadership in religion is obtained;
  • He affirms that the signs are fully beneficial only to those endowed with certainty.

The reality of certainty is firm, deeply rooted, perfect knowledge that produces deeds of the heart and deeds of the limbs.

As for the intellectual effects of certainty, they comprise three levels:
• ʿilm al-yaqīn (knowledge of certainty): the sciences derived from sound evidences and truthful transmitted reports, such as all the knowledge held by the people of certainty that comes from Allah’s report, the Messenger’s report, and the reports of the truthful;
• ʿayn al-yaqīn (eye of certainty): actually witnessing the known realities, as when the Friend Abraham asked his Lord to show him how He gives life to the dead, and Allah showed him with his very eyes—his aim, peace be upon him, being to move from the stage of knowledge of certainty to the eye of certainty;
• ḥaqq al-yaqīn (truth of certainty): realities verified through experiential tasting, such as the heart’s tasting the sweetness of faith and the tongue’s tasting of sensible things.