Taysir al-Latif al-Mannan fi Khulasat Tafsir al-Quran - Abd al-Rahman al-Sadi’ - (الكتاب/360)

Taysir al-Latif al-Mannan fi Khulasat Tafsir al-QuranAbd al-Rahman al-Sadi’

As for those whom Allah has favoured with success and purity, in such situations they humble themselves before Him, acknowledge His bounty, and only grow in modesty. Thus, when Solomon (peace be upon him) beheld the vast kingdom that had been granted to him and saw the throne of the Queen of Sheba set down before him, he did not grow arrogant and say, “This is through my own power and might,” or anything of that sort. Rather, he declared: “This is by the grace of my Lord, to test me whether I will give thanks or be ungrateful” (al-Naml 27:40). Even earlier he had prayed: “My Lord, enable me to be grateful for Your favour which You have bestowed upon me and upon my parents, and to do righteous deeds that please You, and admit me, by Your mercy, among Your righteous servants” (al-Naml 27:19).

Benefit: Part of wisdom is to employ gentleness when dealing with the believers and when inviting the disbelievers to the faith. Allah says: “It is by a mercy from Allah that you were gentle with them; and had you been harsh and hard-hearted, they would have dispersed from around you” (Āl ʿImrān 3:159). He also says: “Speak to him with gentle words, that perhaps he may take heed or fear” (Ṭā-Hā 20:44). In these contexts Allah commands gentleness and explains the benefits that follow from it.

Likewise, wisdom dictates firmness in its proper place. Allah says: “O Prophet, strive against the disbelievers and the hypocrites and be harsh with them” (al-Tawbah 9:73). Here the situation is one in which invitation no longer avails; fighting has become obligatory, and harshness is an integral part of warfare.

Allah combines the two traits in describing the elite of this nation: “Stern against the disbelievers, merciful among themselves” (al-Fatḥ 48:29).

The difference between His words, “You do not guide whom you love” (al-Qaṣaṣ 28:56) and His words, “Indeed you guide to a straight path” (al-Shūrā 42:52), is that the guidance of pointing the way, teaching, and clarifying is affirmed for the Messenger—as it is for anyone who teaches and directs people—whereas the guidance of granting success lies solely with Allah. Concerning the first kind Allah says: “We made them leaders guiding by Our command” (al-Anbiyāʾ 21:73) and: “For every people there is a guide” (al-Raʿd 13:7).

أما الموفَّقونَ الأصفياءُ فإنهم في هذهِ الأحوالِ يخضعونَ للهِ، ويعترفونَ لهُ بالنعمةِ، ويزدادُ تواضعُهم؛ ولهذا لما رأى سليمانُ ﵇ من مُلكهِ مُلكًا كبيرًا، ورأى عرشَ ملكةِ سبأٍ مستقرًّا عندَهُ لم يطغَ ويقُل: (هذا مِنْ حولِي وقوتِي)، ونحوهُ، بلْ قالَ: ﴿قَالَ هَذَا مِنْ فَضْلِ رَبِّي لِيَبْلُوَنِي أَأَشْكُرُ أَمْ أَكْفُرُ﴾ [النمل: ٤٠]، وقالَ قبلَ ذلكَ: ﴿رَبِّ أَوْزِعْنِي أَنْ أَشْكُرَ نِعْمَتَكَ الَّتِي أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيَّ وَعَلَى وَالِدَيَّ وَأَنْ أَعْمَلَ صَالِحًا تَرْضَاهُ وَأَدْخِلْنِي بِرَحْمَتِكَ فِي عِبَادِكَ الصَّالِحِينَ﴾ [النمل: ١٩]. * فائدةٌ: من الحكمةِ استعمالُ اللِّينِ في معاشرةِ المؤمنينَ، وفي مقامِ الدعوةِ للكافرينَ، كما قالَ تعالى: ﴿فَبِمَا رَحْمَةٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ لِنْتَ لَهُمْ وَلَوْ كُنْتَ فَظًّا غَلِيظَ الْقَلْبِ لَانْفَضُّوا مِنْ حَوْلِكَ﴾ [آل عمران: ١٥٩]، وقالَ: ﴿فَقُولَا لَهُ قَوْلًا لَيِّنًا لَعَلَّهُ يَتَذَكَّرُ أَوْ يَخْشَى﴾ [طه: ٤٤]، فأمرَ باللِّينِ في هذهِ المواضعِ، وذكَرَ ما يترتبُ عليهِ من المصالحِ. كما أنَّ من الحكمةِ استعمالَ الغلظةِ في موضعِها، قالَ تعالى: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ جَاهِدِ الْكُفَّارَ وَالْمُنَافِقِينَ وَاغْلُظْ عَلَيْهِمْ﴾ [التوبة: ٧٣]؛ لأنَّ المقامَ هنا مقامٌ لا تفيدُ فيه الدعوةُ، بلْ قدْ تعيَّنَ فيه القتالُ، فالغلظةُ فيه من تمامِ القتالِ. وقدْ جمعَ اللهُ بينَ الأمرينِ في قولهِ في وصفِ خواصِّ الأمةِ: ﴿أَشِدَّاءُ عَلَى الْكُفَّارِ رُحَمَاءُ بَيْنَهُمْ﴾ [الفتح: ٢٩]. * والفرقُ بينَ قولهِ: ﴿إِنَّكَ لَا تَهْدِي مَنْ أَحْبَبْتَ﴾ [القصص: ٥٦] وبينَ قولهِ: ﴿وَإِنَّكَ لَتَهْدِي إِلَى صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ﴾ [الشورى: ٥٢] أنَّ هدايةَ الإرشادِ والتعليمِ والبيانِ هيَ التي أثبتَها لرسولهِ، بلْ ولكلِّ مَنْ لهُ تعليمٌ وإرشادٌ للخلقِ، كما قالَ: ﴿وَجَعَلْنَاهُمْ أَئِمَّةً يَهْدُونَ بِأَمْرِنَا﴾ [الأنبياء: ٧٣]، وقال: ﴿وَلِكُلِّ قَوْمٍ هَادٍ﴾ [الرعد: ٧].