Taysir al-Latif al-Mannan fi Khulasat Tafsir al-QuranAbd al-Rahman al-Sadi’

The Muslims in Mecca were suffering intense abuse at the hands of Quraysh, so the Prophet ﷺ first allowed them to emigrate to Abyssinia. Later, when many of the people of Medina had entered Islam, the migration was redirected toward Medina.

When the people of Mecca grew anxious over this turn of events, their notables and chiefs gathered in Dār al-Nadwah to devise a final solution to the Prophet ﷺ. They agreed to choose from every clan of Quraysh one courageous man who would strike him with their swords all at once. “That way,” they said, “his blood will be spread among the tribes, and Banū Hāshim will be unable to fight the whole of Quraysh and will accept blood-money.” They plotted, and Allah plotted—and Allah is the best of plotters.

Revelation then came to the Prophet ﷺ, so he resolved to migrate. He informed Abū Bakr of this and asked him to accompany him; Abū Bakr accepted. That very night, the night they had convened to assassinate him, he instructed ʿAlī to sleep in his bed, and he himself set out with Abū Bakr toward the cave. The assassins kept watch until daybreak. When dawn broke ʿAlī emerged, and they asked him, “Where is your companion?” He replied, “I do not know.”

They then searched for him in every direction, offering large rewards to whoever brought him back. The mountain that housed the cave filled with people seeking the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Abū Bakr said, “O Messenger of Allah, if one of them were to look down at his own feet, he would see us.” He replied, “O Abū Bakr, what do you think of two with whom Allah is the third? (1)” Allah the Exalted then revealed:

“If you do not support him—Allah has already supported him—when those who disbelieved drove him out, the second of two, when the two of them were in the cave and he said to his companion, ‘Do not grieve; indeed, Allah is with us.’ Then Allah sent His tranquillity down upon him, strengthened him with forces you did not see, and made the word of those who disbelieved the lowest, while the word of Allah is supreme. Allah is Almighty, All-Wise.” (9:40)

(1) Al-Bukhari, no. 3653; Muslim, no. 2381.
وكان المسلمونَ في مكةَ في أذًى شديدٍ من قريشٍ، فأَذِنَ لهم النبيُّ ﷺ في الهجرةِ أولًا إلى الحبشةِ، ثم لما أسلَمَ كثيرٌ من أهلِ المدينةِ صارَتِ الهجرةُ إلى المدينةِ. * وحينَ خافَ أهلُ مكةَ من هذهِ الحالِ اجتمعَ ملؤُهم ورؤساؤُهم في دارِ الندوةِ يريدونَ القضاءَ التامَّ على النبيِّ ﷺ؛ فاتفقَ رأيُهم أنْ ينتخبُوا من قبائلَ قريشٍ من كلِّ قبيلةٍ رجلًا شجاعًا، فيجتمعونَ ويضربونَهُ بسيوفِهم ضربةً واحدةً، قالُوا: لأجلِ أنْ يتفرَّقَ دمهُ في القبائلِ، فتعجزُ بنو هاشمٍ عن مقاومةِ سائرِ قريشٍ، فيرضونَ بالديةِ، فهم يمكرونَ ويمكرُ اللهُ واللهُ خيرُ الماكرينَ. فجاءَ الوحيُ إلى النبيِّ ﷺ، وعزَمَ على الهجرةِ، وأخبَرَ أبا بكرٍ بذلكَ وطلبَ منهُ الصحبةَ، فأجابَهُ إلى ذلكَ، وخرجَ في تلكَ الليلةِ التي اجتمعُوا على الإيقاعِ بهِ، وأمَرَ عليًّا أنْ ينامَ على فراشهِ، وخرجَ هوَ وأبو بكرٍ إلى الغارِ، فلم يزالوا يرصدونَهُ حتى برقَ الفجرُ، فخرجَ إليهم عليٌّ فقالوا: أينَ صاحبُكَ؟ قالَ: لا أدرِي. ثم ذهبُوا يطلبونَهُ في كلِّ وجهةٍ، وجعلُوا الجِعالاتِ الكثيرةَ لمنْ يأتي بهِ، وكانَ الجبلُ الذي فيه الغارُ قدْ امتلأَ من الخلقِ يطلبونَ رسولَ اللهِ ﷺ، فقالَ أبو بكرٍ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، لوْ نظَرَ أحدُهم إلى قدميهِ لأبصَرَنا. فقالَ: «يا أبا بكرٍ، ما ظنُّكَ باثنينِ اللهُ ثالثُهما» (١)؟ وأنزلَ اللهُ تعالى: ﴿إِلَّا تَنْصُرُوهُ فَقَدْ نَصَرَهُ اللَّهُ إِذْ أَخْرَجَهُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا ثَانِيَ اثْنَيْنِ إِذْ هُمَا فِي الْغَارِ إِذْ يَقُولُ لِصَاحِبِهِ لَا تَحْزَنْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَنَا فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ سَكِينَتَهُ عَلَيْهِ وَأَيَّدَهُ بِجُنُودٍ لَمْ تَرَوْهَا وَجَعَلَ كَلِمَةَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا السُّفْلَى وَكَلِمَةُ اللَّهِ هِيَ الْعُلْيَا وَاللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ (٤٠)﴾ [التوبة: ٤٠].
(١) البخاري (٣٦٥٣)، ومسلم (٢٣٨١).

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