Taysir al-Latif al-Mannan fi Khulasat Tafsir al-Quran - Abd al-Rahman al-Sadi’ - (الكتاب/313)

Taysir al-Latif al-Mannan fi Khulasat Tafsir al-QuranAbd al-Rahman al-Sadi’

His wife then gave birth to John, and Allah reared him in an extraordinary way: he began learning while still a child and mastered knowledge at a tender age. For this reason Allah said, “We granted him sound judgment while he was still a boy” (Q 19:12). It is even said that Allah invested him with prophethood when he was young. Just as Allah endowed him with tremendous knowledge, He also favored him with the most perfect qualities, saying: “and compassion from Us and purity; he was ever God-fearing, dutiful to his parents, not overbearing or disobedient. Peace be upon him the day he was born, the day he dies, and the day he is raised alive” (Q 19:13–15). In sum, these verses convey:
• his observance of Allah’s rights;
• his fulfillment of the rights of his parents and of all people;
• and that Allah would grant him a good outcome in all his affairs.

As for Mary, she “withdrew from her family to a place in the east” (Q 19:16), devoting herself entirely to the worship of her Lord, and “placed a screen between herself and them” (Q 19:17) so that no one would distract her from her devotion. Allah therefore sent the Trustworthy Spirit, Gabriel, to her in the likeness of a well-proportioned human being—one of the most complete and handsome of men. Thinking he intended evil, she said, “I seek refuge with the All-Merciful from you, if you are God-fearing” (Q 19:18). Thus she sought Allah’s protection and reminded him that every Muslim who fears Allah must act with piety. This profound scrupulousness in a situation fraught with temptation elevated her rank; Allah thereby described her as perfectly chaste, one who had guarded her private parts.

Gabriel then said, “I am only a messenger from your Lord, sent to grant you a pure boy.” She replied, “How can I have a son when no man has touched me, nor have I been unchaste?” He said, “So it shall be. Your Lord has said: ‘It is easy for Me, and We shall make him a sign for humankind and a mercy from Us’” (Q 19:19–21)—a mercy for him, for you, and for people at large—“and the matter has been decreed” (Q 19:21). Therefore, do not be astonished at what Allah (1) has determined and ordained.

(1) The word Allah appears only as an additional reading in manuscript (Kh).

فولدَتْ زوجتهُ يحيى، وأنشأَهُ اللهُ نشأةً عجيبةً، فتعلَّمَ وهوَ صغيرٌ، ومهرَ في العلمِ وهوَ صغيرٌ؛ ولهذا قالَ: ﴿وَآتَيْنَاهُ الْحُكْمَ صَبِيًّا﴾ [مريم: ١٢] حتى قيلَ: إنَّ اللهَ أيضًا نبَّأَهُ وهو صغيرٌ، وكما أعطاهُ اللهُ العلمَ العظيمَ فقد مَنَّ عليه بأكملِ الصفاتِ فقالَ: ﴿وَحَنَانًا مِنْ لَدُنَّا وَزَكَاةً وَكَانَ تَقِيًّا (١٣) وَبَرًّا بِوَالِدَيْهِ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ جَبَّارًا عَصِيًّا (١٤) وَسَلَامٌ عَلَيْهِ يَوْمَ وُلِدَ وَيَوْمَ يَمُوتُ وَيَوْمَ يُبْعَثُ حَيًّا (١٥)﴾ [مريم: ١٣ - ١٥]، ومضمونُ هذا: • وصفُهُ بالقيامِ بحقوقِ اللهِ. • وحقوقِ والدَيْهِ، وحقوقِ الخلقِ. • وأنَّ اللهَ سيحسنُ لهُ العواقبَ في أحوالهِ كلِّها. وأما مريمُ فإنها ﴿انْتَبَذَتْ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا مَكَانًا شَرْقِيًّا﴾ [مريم: ١٦]، متجردةً لعبادةِ ربِّها، ﴿فَاتَّخَذَتْ مِنْ دُونِهِمْ حِجَابًا﴾ [مريم: ١٧]؛ لئلَّا يشغلَها أحدٌ عما هيَ بصددهِ؛ فأرسلَ اللهُ لها الرُّوحَ الأمينَ جبريلَ، في صورةِ بشرٍ سويٍّ من أكملِ الرجال وأجملِهم، فظنَّتْ أنهُ يريدُها بسوءٍ، فقالتْ: ﴿إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِالرَّحْمَنِ مِنْكَ إِنْ كُنْتَ تَقِيًّا﴾ [مريم: ١٨] فتوسَّلَتْ باللهِ في حفظِها وحمايتِها، وذكَّرَتْهُ وجوبَ التقوى على كلِّ مسلمٍ يخشى اللهَ، فكان هذا الورعُ العظيمُ منها في هذهِ الحالةِ التي يخشَى منها الوقوعُ في الفتنةِ، ورفَعَ اللهُ بذلكَ مقامَها، ونعتَها بالعفةِ الكاملةِ، وأنها أحصنَتْ فرجَها. فقالَ لها جبريلُ: ﴿إِنَّمَا أَنَا رَسُولُ رَبِّكِ لِأَهَبَ لَكِ غُلَامًا زَكِيًّا (١٩) قَالَتْ أَنَّى يَكُونُ لِي غُلَامٌ وَلَمْ يَمْسَسْنِي بَشَرٌ وَلَمْ أَكُ بَغِيًّا (٢٠) قَالَ كَذَلِكِ قَالَ رَبُّكِ هُوَ عَلَيَّ هَيِّنٌ وَلِنَجْعَلَهُ آيَةً لِلنَّاسِ وَرَحْمَةً مِنَّا﴾ [مريم: ١٩ - ٢١] بهِ وبكِ وبالناسِ، ﴿وَكَانَ أَمْرًا مَقْضِيًّا (٢١)﴾ فلا تعجبِي مما قدَّرَهُ [اللهُ] (١) وقضاهُ.

(١) لفظ الجلالة زيادة من (خ).