Taysir al-Latif al-Mannan fi Khulasat Tafsir al-Quran - Abd al-Rahman al-Sadi’ - (الكتاب/244)

Taysir al-Latif al-Mannan fi Khulasat Tafsir al-QuranAbd al-Rahman al-Sadi’

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He then left the midst of his people as an emigrant, taking with him his wife and his nephew Lot, and set out for the lands of al-Sham (Greater Syria).

During his stay in al-Sham he travelled with his wife Sarah to Egypt. Sarah was, by all accounts, the most beautiful woman of her time. When the ruler of Egypt—an obstinate tyrant—saw her, he could not restrain himself and tried to violate her. She called upon Allah against him, and he was struck to the point of near death. When he was released he tried again, and then a second [and a third] time (1); each time she prayed against him and he collapsed, and each time she prayed for him and he was released. Thus Allah protected them from his evil, and the king gave her Hagar, a Coptic maidservant.

Sarah had been barren since her youth, so she presented this maidservant to Abraham so that he might take her as a concubine, hoping that Allah would grant him a child through her. Hagar bore Ishmael while Abraham was already advanced in age; he rejoiced greatly at his birth. Sarah, however, was overtaken by jealousy and swore that Hagar could not live with her in the same place. This happened by Allah’s decree, and it was one of the causes that led Abraham to take Hagar to the site of the Sacred House—as had already been firmly resolved in his mind.

He therefore set out with Hagar and her son Ishmael for Mecca, which at that time had no inhabitants, no buildings, no water, no crops—nothing at all. He supplied them with a water skin filled with water and a sack filled with dates, and left them beneath a large tree near the future location of the well of Zamzam. Then he turned and departed.

When he reached the mountain pass from which he could still see them, he supplicated:

“Our Lord, I have settled some of my descendants in a valley without cultivation, near Your Sacred House, our Lord, that they may establish the prayer. So make hearts among the people incline toward them and provide them with fruits, so that they may give thanks.” (14:37)

—up to the end of his supplication.

(1) This phrase appears in manuscript (Kh) and accords with al-Bukhari’s Sahih (no. 2217), which relates that he was freed and came back three times.

فصل ثم خرَجَ من بينِ أظهرِهم مهاجرًا وزوجتُهُ وابنُ أخيهِ لوطٌ إلى الديارِ الشاميةِ. وفي أثناءِ مدةِ إقامتهِ بالشامِ ذهبَ إلى مصرَ بزوجتهِ سارةَ، وكانتْ أحسنَ امرأةٍ على الإطلاقِ، فلما رآها ملكُ مصرَ -وكان جبارًا عنيدًا- لم يملِكْ نفسَهُ حتى أرادَها على نفسِها، فدعَتِ اللهَ عليهِ، فكادَ أنْ يموتَ، ثم أُطلِقَ، ثم عادَ ثانيةً [وثالثةً] (١)، وكلما أرادَها دعَتْ عليهِ فصُرِعَ، ثم دعَتْ لهُ فأُطلِقَ، فكفاهما اللهُ شرَّهُ، ووهَبَ لها هاجرَ جاريةً قبطيةً. وكانتْ سارةُ عاقرًا منذُ كانتْ شابةً، فوهبَتْ هذهِ الجاريةَ لإبراهيمَ ليتسرَّرَها؛ لعلَ اللهَ يرزقُهُ منها ولدًا، فأتتْ هاجرُ بإسماعيلَ على كبرِ إبراهيمَ، ففرِحَ بهِ فرحًا شديدًا، ولكنَّ سارةَ ﵂ أدركَتْها الغيرةُ؛ فحلفَتْ ألَّا يساكنَها بها، وذلكَ لما يريدهُ اللهُ، وهذا من جملةِ الأسبابِ لذهابهِ بها إلى موضعِ البيتِ الحرامِ، وإلا فهوَ متقررٌ عندَهُ ذلكَ ﵇. فذهَبَ بها وبابنِها إسماعيلَ إلى مكةَ، وهيَ في ذلكَ الوقتِ ليسَ فيها ساكنٌ ولا مسكنٌ ولا ماءٌ ولا زرعٌ ولا غيرهُ، وزوَّدَهما بسقاءٍ فيه ماءٌ وجِرابٍ فيه تمرٌ، ووضعَهما عندَ دوحةٍ قريبةٍ مِنْ محلِّ بئرِ زمزمَ، ثم قفَّى عنهما. فلما كان في الثنيةِ بحيثُ يشرفُ عليهما دعا اللهَ تعالى فقالَ: ﴿رَبَّنَا إِنِّي أَسْكَنْتُ مِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِي بِوَادٍ غَيْرِ ذِي زَرْعٍ عِنْدَ بَيْتِكَ الْمُحَرَّمِ رَبَّنَا لِيُقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ فَاجْعَلْ أَفْئِدَةً مِنَ النَّاسِ تَهْوِي إِلَيْهِمْ وَارْزُقْهُمْ مِنَ الثَّمَرَاتِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَشْكُرُونَ (٣٧)﴾ [إبراهيم: ٣٧] إلى آخرِ الدعاءِ.

(١) زيادة من (خ). وهو موافق لما جاء عند البخاري في صحيحه (٢٢١٧) أنه أُطلق وعاد ثلاث مرات.