• His words, “Say,” point to proclaiming the creed openly, voicing it without hesitation, and calling others to it, for it is the very root and foundation of the religion.
• Likewise, the wording “We believe,” and every verse in which the verb is attached to a plural pronoun, indicates that the entire community must cling together to the rope of Allah, be urged toward harmony, be forbidden to fracture, and recognise that the believers are like a single body: they must work collectively for all their interests and give one another full, sincere counsel.
• The verse also shows that a person may ascribe faith to himself in a qualified manner by saying, “I am a believer in Allah,” or, “I have believed in Allah.” The latter, in fact, is one of the most binding obligations, for Allah has made it a decisive command.
• By contrast, a servant’s bare statement, “I am a believer,” and the like should not be uttered except with the proviso “if Allah wills,” because it constitutes self-commendation. Absolute faith entails fulfilling every obligation and avoiding every prohibition; saying it unqualified is therefore akin to claiming, “I am pious,” “I am a saint,” or “I am one of the people of Paradise.” This distinction is the view upheld by the leading scholars of Ahl al-Sunnah wa-l-Jamāʿah.
• The phrase “We believe in Allah” means that we affirm His necessary existence: that He is the One, the Unique, the Eternal Refuge, possessed of every attribute of perfection, free of every imperfection, and worthy of being singled out with every act of worship. The wording therefore entails complete sincerity.
• “And in what has been sent down to us” embraces faith in both the wording and the meanings of the Book and the Sunnah, as He said, “Allah has sent down to you the Book and Wisdom” (4:113) and “We have sent down to you the Reminder so that you may make clear to mankind what has been sent down to them” (16:44). Hence it includes:
• belief in everything contained in the Book of Allah and in the Sunnah of His Messenger: Allah’s names, attributes, and actions; the attributes of His messengers; the Last Day; and all aspects of the unseen.