Taysir al-Latif al-Mannan fi Khulasat Tafsir al-Quran - Abd al-Rahman al-Sadi’ - (الكتاب/11)

Taysir al-Latif al-Mannan fi Khulasat Tafsir al-QuranAbd al-Rahman al-Sadi’

• Monotheism of the Divine Names and Attributes: to affirm for Allah every attribute of perfection that He has affirmed for Himself and that His Messenger—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—affirmed for Him. The opening phrase that ascribes all praise to Allah points to this, for the Most Beautiful Names, the Loftiest Attributes, and all that they entail are themselves praises and commendations of the Almighty.

• The surah also establishes the truth of prophethood through the words, “Guide us to the straight path,” for that path is the very way upon which the Prophet stood, and recognizing it necessarily rests on believing in his prophethood and message.

• It affirms the reality of recompense, and that it will be carried out with perfect justice; this is taken from the verse, “Master of the Day of Judgement.”

• It contains the doctrine of the People of the Sunnah and the Community concerning divine decree: that all things occur by Allah’s decision and determination, while the servant truly acts of his own accord and is not coerced in his deeds. This is understood from the words, “You alone we worship and You alone we ask for help,” for had the servant’s own will not required his Lord’s aid and facilitation, he would not have sought that help.

• It embodies the root and essence of all goodness—complete sincerity toward Allah—expressed in the servant’s declaration, “You alone we worship and You alone we ask for help.”

• Because of the surah’s immense majesty and nobility, the Lawgiver has made its recitation obligatory upon every accountable person in every unit of prayer, obligatory and voluntary alike.

• Within it, Allah teaches His servants how to praise, extol, and magnify Him with fitting praises, and then how to ask their Lord for all of their needs.

• Thus it proves their desperate need for their Lord in two respects:
– Their need for Him to fill their hearts with love of Him and knowledge of Him;
– Their need for Him to manage their affairs and grant them success in His service.

All praise belongs to Allah, Lord of all beings.

• وتوحيد الأسماءِ والصفاتِ: بأنْ يُثبَتَ للهِ صفاتُ الكمالِ كلُّها التي أثبتَها لنفسهِ، وأثبتَها لهُ رسولُهُ ﷺ؛ وقدْ دلَّ على ذلكَ إثباتُ الحمدِ للهِ؛ فإنَ الأسماءَ الحسنى والصفاتِ العليا وأحكامَها كلَّها محامدُ ومدائحُ للهِ تعالى. * وتضمنَتْ إثباتَ الرسالةِ في قولهِ: ﴿اهْدِنَا الصِّرَاطَ الْمُسْتَقِيمَ﴾؛ لأنهُ الطريقُ الذي عليهِ النبيُّ ﷺ، وذلكَ فرعٌ عن الإيمانِ بنبوتهِ ورسالتهِ. * وتضمنَتْ إثباتَ الجزاءِ، وأنهُ بالعدلِ، وذلكَ مأخوذٌ من قولهِ: ﴿مَالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ﴾. * وتضمنَتْ إثباتَ مذهبِ أهلِ السنةِ والجماعةِ في القَدَرِ، وأنَ جميعَ الأشياءِ بقضاءِ اللهِ وقدرهِ، وأنَ العبدَ فاعلٌ حقيقةً، ليسَ مجبورًا على أفعالهِ، وهذا يُفهَمُ من قولهِ: ﴿إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ﴾؛ فلولا أنَّ مشيئةَ العبدِ مضطرُّ فيها إلى إعانةِ ربهِ وتوفيقهِ لم يسألِ الاستعانةَ. * وتضمنَتْ أصلَ الخيرِ ومادتَهُ، وهوَ الإخلاصُ الكاملُ للهِ في قولِ العبدِ: ﴿إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ﴾. * ولما كانت هذهِ السورةُ بهذهِ العظمةِ والجلالةِ أوجبَها الشارعُ على المكلفينَ في كلِّ ركعةٍ من صلاتِهم فرضًا ونفلًا. * وفيها تعليمٌ مِنْ اللهِ لعبادهِ كيفَ يحمدونَهُ ويثنونَ عليهِ، ويمجدونَهُ بمحامدِهِ، ثم يسألونَ ربَّهم جميعَ مطالبِهم. * ففيها دليلٌ على افتقارِهم إلى ربِّهم في الأمرينِ: * مفتقرينَ إليهِ في أنْ يملأَ قلوبَهم من محبتهِ ومعرفتهِ. * ومفتقرينِ إليهِ في أنْ يقومَ بمصالِحهم ويوفقَهم لخدمتهِ. والحمدُ للهِ ربِّ العالمينَ.