Taysir al-Latif al-Mannan fi Khulasat Tafsir al-Quran - Abd al-Rahman al-Sadi’ - (الكتاب/199)

Section on Comprehensive Legal Principles and Judgments (1) in Fundamentals and Details

The Almighty says: “Judge between them according to what Allah has revealed” (5:49); “so that you may judge between people by what Allah has shown you” (4:105); “and if you do judge, then judge between them with equity” (5:42); “If you differ over anything, refer it back to Allah and the Messenger” (4:59); “O David, We have made you a vicegerent on earth, so judge between people with the truth and do not follow desire, lest it lead you astray from the path of Allah” (38:26); “Who is better than Allah in judgment for a people who are certain?” (5:50); and “The word of your Lord has been fulfilled in truth and justice” (6:115).

• To judge between people with truth and fairness is to judge by what Allah has revealed, which is the very act of referring matters back to Allah and His Messenger (2); for these verses corroborate one another and indicate the following:
— Truth and justice never depart from what the Messenger brought.
— The judgment of Allah and His Messenger is, without exception, the finest judgment: the most just, the most upright, the most beneficial, the most decisive in curbing evil, and the greatest means of securing benefits and averting harms.
— Returning disputed religious or worldly matters to Allah and the Messenger is best in the immediate sense and leads to the finest outcome in the end.

(1) The Kh manuscript reads: “and al-qada (judicial decree).” (2) The phrase appears in the Ta edition as: “and that is to refer back to Allah and His Messenger,” whereas the Kh manuscript has: “and to what Allah showed His Messenger.”

فصل في جوامع الحكم والقضايا (١) في الأصول والفروع ١ - قالَ اللهُ تعالى: ﴿وَأَنِ احْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ﴾ [المائدة: ٤٩]، ﴿لِتَحْكُمَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ بِمَا أَرَاكَ اللَّهُ﴾ [النساء: ١٠٥]، ﴿وَإِنْ حَكَمْتَ فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ بِالْقِسْطِ﴾ [المائدة: ٤٢]، ﴿فَإِنْ تَنَازَعْتُمْ فِي شَيْءٍ فَرُدُّوهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ﴾ [النساء: ٥٩]، ﴿يَادَاوُودُ إِنَّا جَعَلْنَاكَ خَلِيفَةً فِي الْأَرْضِ فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ بِالْحَقِّ وَلَا تَتَّبِعِ الْهَوَى فَيُضِلَّكَ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ﴾ [ص: ٢٦]، ﴿وَمَنْ أَحْسَنُ مِنَ اللَّهِ حُكْمًا لِقَوْمٍ يُوقِنُونَ﴾ [المائدة: ٥٠]، ﴿وَتَمَّتْ كَلِمَتُ رَبِّكَ صِدْقًا وَعَدْلًا﴾ [الأنعام: ١١٥]. * الحكمُ بينَ الناسِ بالحقِّ والقسطِ هوَ الحكمُ بما أنزلَ اللهُ، وهوَ الردُّ إلى اللهِ ورسولهِ (٢)؛ فإنَّ هذهِ الآياتِ يصدِّقُ بعضُها بعضًا، وتدلُّ على: * أنَّ الحقَّ والعدلَ لا يخرجُ عما جاءَ بهِ الرسولُ. * وأنَّ حكمَ اللهِ ورسولهِ أحسنُ الأحكامِ على الإطلاقِ، أي: أعدلُها وأقومُها وأصلحُها وأحسمُها للشرورِ، وأعظمُ أحكامٍ تُوسِّلَ بها إلى تحصيلِ المصالحِ، ودرءِ المفاسدِ. * وأنَّ ردَّ مسائلِ النزاعِ والاختلافاتِ الدينيةِ والدنيويةِ إلى اللهِ والرسولِ خيرٌ في الحالِ، وأحسنُ عاقبةً.

(١) في (خ): والقضاء. (٢) قوله: «وهو الرد إلى الله ورسوله» كذا في (ط). وفي (خ): «وبما أرى الله رسوله».