Taysir al-Latif al-Mannan fi Khulasat Tafsir al-Quran - Abd al-Rahman al-Sadi’ - (الكتاب/192)

Taysir al-Latif al-Mannan fi Khulasat Tafsir al-QuranAbd al-Rahman al-Sadi’

Section on Oaths and Related Matters

Allah the Exalted says (Qur’an 5:87-89):
“O you who believe, do not forbid the wholesome things Allah has made lawful for you, and do not transgress—Allah does not love the transgressors. Eat of what Allah has provided for you, lawful and good, and be mindful of Allah in whom you believe. Allah will not take you to task for thoughtless words in your oaths, but He will hold you accountable for oaths you bind deliberately. The expiation for such oaths is to feed ten needy people with the average of what you feed your own families, or to clothe them, or to free a slave. Whoever cannot afford that must fast three days. That is the expiation for your oaths when you swear; so safeguard your oaths. Thus Allah makes His revelations clear to you, so that you may give thanks.”

• The Creator—exalted be He—says: “O you who believe,” meaning: act in accordance with your faith by deeming lawful what Allah has declared lawful and forbidding only what He has forbidden. Therefore, do not pronounce unlawful what Allah has permitted for you of food, drink, and the like. These are favors Allah has graciously bestowed upon you; accept them and thank Him for them, for He has sanctioned them by law and facilitated them by decree. Do not spurn Allah’s blessing through denial, rejection, imagining it to be forbidden, or by swearing an oath never to partake of it, for all of that is transgression. Hence His words: “and do not transgress—Allah does not love the transgressors”; rather, He despises and detests them for such behavior.

• “And eat of what Allah has provided for you, lawful and wholesome” (5:88): that is, partake of the sustenance He has brought to you and made easy for you by its various means, provided it is lawful—neither stolen nor seized by force nor obtained through any corrupt dealing—and that it is wholesome and beneficial, free of all impurity.

• “And fear Allah” by carrying out His commands and avoiding His prohibitions—“the One in whom you believe.” Faith is not complete without that, and genuine faith itself urges a person to do so.

فصل في الأيمان ونحوها ١ - قالَ اللهُ تعالى: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تُحَرِّمُوا طَيِّبَاتِ مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ وَلَا تَعْتَدُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ الْمُعْتَدِينَ (٨٧) وَكُلُوا مِمَّا رَزَقَكُمُ اللَّهُ حَلَالًا طَيِّبًا وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ الَّذِي أَنْتُمْ بِهِ مُؤْمِنُونَ (٨٨) لَا يُؤَاخِذُكُمُ اللَّهُ بِاللَّغْوِ فِي أَيْمَانِكُمْ وَلَكِنْ يُؤَاخِذُكُمْ بِمَا عَقَّدْتُمُ الْأَيْمَانَ فَكَفَّارَتُهُ إِطْعَامُ عَشَرَةِ مَسَاكِينَ مِنْ أَوْسَطِ مَا تُطْعِمُونَ أَهْلِيكُمْ أَوْ كِسْوَتُهُمْ أَوْ تَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيَامُ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ ذَلِكَ كَفَّارَةُ أَيْمَانِكُمْ إِذَا حَلَفْتُمْ وَاحْفَظُوا أَيْمَانَكُمْ كَذَلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ آيَاتِهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ (٨٩)﴾ [المائدة: ٨٧ - ٨٩]. * يقولُ البارِي: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا﴾ اعملُوا بمقتضَى أيمانِكم في تحليلِ ما أحلَّ اللهُ، وتحريمِ ما حرَّمَ اللهُ، فلا تحرِّمُوا ما أحلَّ اللهُ لكم من المطاعمِ والمشاربِ وغيرِها؛ فإنها نعمٌ تفضَّلَ اللهُ بها عليكم، فاقبلُوها واشكرُوا اللهَ عليها؛ إذْ أحلَّها شرعًا ويسَّرَها قدرًا، ولا تردُّوا نعمةَ اللهِ بكفرِها، أو عدمِ قبولِها، أو اعتقادِ تحريمِها، أو الحلفِ على عدمِ تناولِها؛ فإن ذلكَ كلَّهُ من الاعتداءِ؛ ولهذا قالَ: ﴿وَلَا تَعْتَدُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ الْمُعْتَدِينَ﴾ بلْ يبغضُهم ويمقتُهم على ذلكَ. * ﴿وَكُلُوا مِمَّا رَزَقَكُمُ اللَّهُ حَلَالًا طَيِّبًا﴾ [المائدة: ٨٨] أي: كلُوا مِنْ رزقهِ الذي ساقَهُ إليكم، ويسَّرَهُ لكم بأسبابهِ المتنوعةِ، إذا كان حلالًا، لا سرقةً ولا غصبًا، ولا حصلَ في معاملةٍ خبيثةٍ، وكان أيضًا طيبًا نافعًا لا خبثَ فيه. * ﴿وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ﴾ في امتثالِ أوامرهِ، واجتنابِ نواهيهِ، ﴿الَّذِي أَنْتُمْ بِهِ مُؤْمِنُونَ﴾ فإنَّ الإيمانَ لا يتمُّ إلا بذلكَ، وهوَ يدعو إلى ذلكَ.