Taysir al-Latif al-Mannan fi Khulasat Tafsir al-Quran - Abd al-Rahman al-Sadi’ - (الكتاب/137)

Taysir al-Latif al-Mannan fi Khulasat Tafsir al-QuranAbd al-Rahman al-Sadi’

, and their agreement to uphold their religion and grant it victory; for this is the strongest of the intangible forces, which are primary, while material force is subordinate to them. True perfection lies in combining the two, just as Allah commanded in this very verse and in His words: “And prepare against them whatever force you can, and steeds of war, by which you may strike terror into the enemy of Allah and your enemy, and others besides them whom you do not know.” (Al-Anfāl 8:60)

• Among the causes of steadfastness and victory is sound intention and complete sincerity in exalting the word of truth. For that reason Allah warned against resembling those who marched out of their homes in insolent pride and to be seen by people, while barring others from the path of Allah. Because they did not rely on their Lord, were taken with themselves, and set out boastfully and arrogantly, fighting to champion falsehood, they returned with disappointment, failure, and humiliation. Hence Allah (1) reproved even the best of creation when some of them felt proud of their numbers at the Battle of Ḥunayn, where someone had said, “Today we shall not be defeated for lack of numbers.” He therefore revealed: “On the Day of Ḥunayn, when your great numbers pleased you, but they availed you nothing; the earth, vast as it is, was straitened for you, then you turned back in retreat.” (Al-Tawbah 9:25) Once that condition left them and they recognized their weakness and the dire outcome of self-admiration, “Allah sent down His tranquility upon His Messenger and upon the believers, and sent down forces you did not see…” (Al-Tawbah 9:26).

• Among the causes to which Allah has directed (2) in matters of combat, steadfastness, and patience is sound planning and perfect organization for every military movement. He, the Exalted, says: “And [remember] when you left your household at dawn to assign to the believers their positions for battle, and Allah is All-Hearing, All-Knowing.” (Āl ʿImrān 3:121)

The Prophet ﷺ would arrange the army, assign them to their stations, place in every flank those suited to it, block the gaps through which the enemy might slip, secure the ambush sites, and dispatch

(1) The divine name “Allah” is an addition found only in MS (Kh). (2) This is the reading of MS (Kh); MS (Ta) instead reads: “in warfare: steadfastness, patience, and sound strategy.”

واتفاقُهم على إقامةِ دينِهم وعلى نصرهِ؛ فهذا أقوى القوَى المعنويةِ التي هيَ الأصلُ، والقوةُ الماديةُ تبعٌ لها. والكمالُ: الجمعُ بينَ الأمرينِ كما أمرَ اللهُ بذلكَ في هذهِ الآيةِ، وفي قولهِ: ﴿وَأَعِدُّوا لَهُمْ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ مِنْ قُوَّةٍ وَمِنْ رِبَاطِ الْخَيْلِ تُرْهِبُونَ بِهِ عَدُوَّ اللَّهِ وَعَدُوَّكُمْ وَآخَرِينَ مِنْ دُونِهِمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَهُمُ﴾ [الأنفال: ٦٠]. * ومن أسبابِ الثباتِ والنصرِ: حسنُ النيةِ، وكمالُ الإخلاصِ في إعلاءِ كلمةِ الحقِّ؛ فلهذا حذَّرَ تعالى من مشابهةِ الذين خرجُوا من ديارِهم بطرًا ورئاءَ الناسِ، ويصدُّونَ عن سبيلِ اللهِ، فهؤلاءِ لما لم يعتمدُوا على ربِّهم، وأُعجبُوا بأنفسِهم، وخرجوا أشرِينَ بطرِينَ، وكان قتالُهم لنصرِ الباطلِ؛ باؤوا بالخيبةِ والفشلِ والخذلانِ؛ ولهذا أدَّبَ [اللهُ] (١) خيارَ الخلقِ لما حصلَ من بعضِهم الإعجابُ بالكثرةِ في غزوةِ حُنينٍ حيثُ قالَ القائلُ: لنْ نغلبَ اليومَ عن قلةٍ، فقالَ: ﴿وَيَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ إِذْ أَعْجَبَتْكُمْ كَثْرَتُكُمْ فَلَمْ تُغْنِ عَنْكُمْ شَيْئًا وَضَاقَتْ عَلَيْكُمُ الْأَرْضُ بِمَا رَحُبَتْ ثُمَّ وَلَّيْتُمْ مُدْبِرِينَ﴾ [التوبة: ٢٥]، فلما زال هذا الأمرُ عنهم وعرفُوا ضعفَهم وعاقبةَ الإعجابِ ﴿أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ سَكِينَتَهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ وَعَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَأَنْزَلَ جُنُودًا لَمْ تَرَوْهَا﴾ [التوبة: ٢٦] الآية. * ومن الأسبابِ التي أرشدَ اللهُ إليها [في القتالِ والثباتِ والصبرِ: حسنُ التدبيرِ] (٢)، والنظامُ الكاملُ في جميعِ الحركاتِ العسكريةِ، قالَ تعالى: ﴿وَإِذْ غَدَوْتَ مِنْ أَهْلِكَ تُبَوِّئُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مَقَاعِدَ لِلْقِتَالِ وَاللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ (١٢١)﴾ [آل عمران: ١٢١]. وكان ﷺ يرتبُ الجيشَ، وينزلُهم منازلَهم، ويجعلُ في كلِّ جنبةٍ كُفْأَها، ويسدُّ الثغراتِ التي يُخشَى أنْ يتسربَ منها العدوُّ، ويحفظُ المكامنَ، ويبعثُ

(١) لفظ الجلالة زيادة من (خ). (٢) كذا في (خ). وفي (ط): «في القتال: الثبات والصبر وحسن التدبير».