Umdat at-Talib - Al-Buhuti - (1/93)

pouring the water generously thereafter. He then wraps a cloth around his hand to protect it and removes whatever filth is on the body.

Next he formulates the intention to wash the deceased, pronounces the basmalah, washes the deceased’s hands, and—commendably—gives him ablution. He must not pour water into the mouth or nose; rather, he inserts his two fingers, wrapped in a coarse cloth moistened with water, between the lips to wipe the teeth, and likewise into the nostrils to cleanse them. Only the head and beard are washed with the lather of lote-leaves. He then washes the right side of the body, followed by the left, and afterwards pours water over the whole body three times, passing his hand over the abdomen each time. If three washes do not suffice, he repeats until the body is clean, adding camphor to the water of the final wash. Using hot water without necessity is disliked.

A deceased person who had been in a state of ihram is treated as though still living in ihram: he is washed with water and lote-leaves, perfume is avoided, no male is dressed in stitched clothing, his head is not covered, nor the face of a female.

A martyr who fell in battle, or anyone murdered unjustly, is not washed—unless he was in a state requiring a major ritual bath— but is buried in his clothes, stained with his blood, after any armor and leather are removed. If those garments have been taken from him, he is shrouded in others.

A miscarried fetus that has reached four lunar months is treated like a live-born infant. Whoever cannot be washed is given tayammum, and the washer must conceal any physical defects he notices.

Section
On the Shroud

The cost of the shroud comes out of the deceased’s estate, taking precedence over debts and everything else. If he leaves no estate, it is borne by whoever was obliged to support him in life—other than a husband—then by the public treasury, and finally by any wealthy person who learns of the need.

It is recommended that a man be wrapped in three white cotton sheets that have been perfumed with incense, and part of them is spread out

صبَّ الماء إذن، ويلفُّ على يده خِرْقة ينجِّيه بها، ويغسل ما عليه مِنْ نجاسةٍ. ثم ينوي غسله، ويسمي ويغسل كفَّيه، ويوضِّيه نَدْبًا، ولا يُدخل ماءً فمَه ولا أنْفَه، بَلْ أُصبعيه بِخِرقةٍ خَشِنَةٍ مَبلولةٍ بِمَاء بين شَفَتيه، فيمسح أسنانه، وفي مَنْخريهِ فينظفهما، ويغسل بِرغوة السِّدْرِ رأسَه ولحيتَه فقط، ثم يغسل شقَّه الأيمن ثم الأيسر، ثم يُفيض الماء عليه ثلاثًا، يُمِرُّ يده في كل مرةٍ على بطنه، فإن لم يُنْقَ بثلاثٍ زاد حتى يُنقى، ويجعل في الأخيرة كافورًا، ويُكره ماءٌ حارٌّ لم يُحتج إليه. ومُحْرمٌ ميتٌ كحيٍّ، يُغسل بماء وسِدْرٍ، ويُجنَّب الطِّيبَ، ولا يلبس ذَكَرٌ مخيطًا، ولا يُغطى رأسه، ولا وجهَ أنثى. ولا يُغسَّل شهيدُ معركةٍ، ومقتولٌ ظلمًا إلا لنحوِ جنابةٍ، ويُدفنُ في ثِيابهِ بِدمهِ، بعد نزع سلاحٍ وجلدٍ، فإن سُلبها كُفِّن بغيرها. وسِقطٌ لأربعةِ أشهرٍ كمولودٍ حيًّا، ومَنْ تعذَّر غسله يُمِّم، وعلى غاسلٍ سَتْرُ شَرِّ. فصلٌ [في الكفن] يجب كَفَنُهُ في ماله مُقدمًا على دَيْنٍ وغيره، فإنْ لم يكنْ فعلى مَنْ تلزمهُ نفقتُه غير زوج، ثم من بيت المال، ثم على غنيٍّ عَلِمَ به. وسُنَّ تكفينُ رجلٍ في ثلاث لفائف بيضٍ من قطنٍ، تُجَمَّر ويُبسط بعضُها