Umdat at-Talib - Al-Buhuti - (1/86)

Section
[The Prayer of Fear]
The Prayer of Fear may be performed in any of the formats transmitted from the Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him. During it, it is recommended to carry whatever allows a person to defend himself without imposing a burden, such as a sword. The prayer is not invalidated by necessary movements of advance and retreat, nor by carrying something impure that he needs to have with him.

Chapter
[The Friday Prayer]
The Friday prayer is obligatory for every free (1), legally accountable person who is a settled resident of a built-up locality—even if its buildings are scattered yet share one name (2). It is not obligatory for a traveler on a journey that permits shortening (3), for a slave, or for a woman. Should any of these attend, the prayer suffices for them, but they are not counted in the quorum and may not lead it, unlike, for example, a sick person who is still obliged to pray.

Anyone residing in tents or similar dwellings is required to join another congregation’s Friday prayer if the distance between him and the place where it is held is a farsakh (5) or less.

(1) That is, males. Ibn al-Mundhir states: “The scholars are unanimously agreed that the Friday prayer is not obligatory for women.” See: Ibn al-Mundhir, al-Ijma, p. 44. (2) Meaning: the person must reside permanently in a built-up locality that bears a single name—Mecca, Medina, etc. Even if the districts are separated by farmland, as long as they share that one name, they are treated as a single hometown. See: al-Sharh al-Mumti, 5:14. (3) The word “safar” (travel) is absent from manuscript A. (4) Manuscript A reads “hadr” (residence/presence). (5) The farsakh—a Persian loanword originally farsank—equals three miles, or 12,000 cubits; in modern terms, about 5,598.75 m. See: al-Mawsua al-Fiqhiyya al-Muyassara, 2:1513.

فصلٌ [في صلاة الخوف] صلاةُ الخوفِ تجوزُ كما وردَ عنه - صلى الله عليه وسلم -، ويحملُ ندبًا فيها ما يَدفع به عَن نفسه ولا يثقلُه كسيفٍ، ولا يبطلها كرٌّ وفرٌّ لحاجةٍ ولا حملُ نجسٍ يحتاجُه. بابُ صلاةِ الجُمعة تلزمُ كلَّ حُرٍّ (١) مُكلفٍ مستوطنٍ بناءً ولو تفرَّق واسمُه واحدٌ (٢) ، لا على مسافرٍ سفَرَ (٣) قصرٍ أو عبدٍ أو امرأةٍ، ومَنْ حَضرها (٤) منهم أَجْزأتهُ، ولا يُحسب مِنَ العددِ، ولا يؤمُّ فيها بخلافٍ نحو مريضٍ. ومَنْ بخيامٍ ونحوه تلزمُه بغيره إنْ كان بينه وبين موضعها فَرْسخٌ (٥) فأقلُّ.

(١) أي: من الذكور، قال ابن المنذر -رَحِمَهُ اللهُ-: "وأجمعوا على أنْ لا جمعةَ على النساء" اهـ "الإجماع"، لابن المنذر (ص ٤٤). (٢) أي: أن يَكون مستوطنًا ببناءٍ، اسمُ هذا البناء واحد، مثل: مكة، المدينة .. ، المهم أن يكون اسمه واحدًا حتى لو تباعد وتفرق بأن صارت الأحياء بينها مزارع لكن يشملها اسم واحد، فإنه يُعتبر وطنًا واحدًا. انظر: "الشرح الممتع" (٥/ ١٤). (٣) قوله: "سفر" ليس في (أ). (٤) في (أ): "حضر". (٥) الفرسخ: لفظ فارسي معرَّب -وأصله: فَرْسَنْك-، ومقداره: ثلاثة أميال، أو اثنا عشر ألف ذراع، وهي تساوي اليوم: (٥٥٩٨.٧٥ مترًا) تقريبًا، انظر: "الموسوعة الفقهية الميسرة" (٢/ ١٥١٣).