Umdat at-TalibAl-Buhuti

It is disliked for the imam to be elevated above the congregation by a cubit or more, to lead the prayer in an alcove (ṭāq) (1), or to perform a supererogatory prayer in the very place where he has just led an obligatory one. It is likewise disliked for him to prolong his sitting (2) facing the qibla after the prayer (3) unless a genuine need requires it (4). It is also disliked for worshippers to stand between pillars (5) that interrupt the rows when there is no necessity.

Section: Excuses that Permit Missing the Friday Prayer and the Congregational Prayer

A person is excused from attending the Friday prayer and the congregational prayer if he is ill; if he is restraining either of the two bodily functions; if he needs the food that is set before him; if he fears the loss, forfeiture, or damage of his property; if a relative or traveling companion is dying, or if he is nursing either of them; if he fears harm to himself, oppression by an authority, or arrest by a creditor when he has nothing to pay; if he fears missing his travel party; if the imam’s recitation is unduly long; if he would be harmed by rain or the like; if overpowering drowsiness overtakes him; or if there is a biting, cold wind on a dark night.

Chapter: The Prayer of Those with Excuses

An obligatory prayer remains binding upon a sick person: he must perform it standing; if he cannot, then sitting; and if he is still unable, then on

(1) al-taq—the mihrab (prayer niche). The author (may Allah have mercy on him) says: “If standing there prevents the congregation from seeing him, for he is concealed from some of them, this is like a situation in which a screen separates him from them.” Sharh Muntaha al-Iradat 1:283-284. (2) Manuscripts B and C read: “his sitting.” (3) The words “and prolonging his sitting facing the qibla afterwards” are absent from manuscript A. (4) The phrase “except for a need” relates to “and prolonging his sitting facing the qibla afterwards.” The ‘need’ envisaged is, for example, the presence of women who wish to leave. See Hidayat al-Raghib, p. 168 (Makhluf ed.). (5) Plural of sariyah; i.e. the columns or pillars of the mosque.
ويُكره علوُّ إمامٍ عنهُ ذِراعًا فأكثرَ، وصلاتُه في الطَّاقِ (١) ، وتطوعُه موضعَ مَكتوبةٍ بَعدَها، وإطالةُ قُعودٍ (٢) مستقبلَ القبلة بعدَها (٣) إلا لحاجةٍ (٤) ، ويُكره وقوفُ مَأمُومين بينَ سَوَارٍ (٥) تَقطعُ الصفوفَ بِلا حاجةٍ. فصلٌ [في الأعذار المُبيحة لتركِ الجُمعةِ وَالجماعةِ] يُعذرُ بِتركِ جُمعةٍ وجماعةٍ مريضٌ ومُدافعٌ أحدَ الأخبثين، ومحتاجٌ لطعامٍ بِحَضرتهِ، وخائفٌ ضياعَ مالِه أَوْ فواتَه أو ضَررًا فيهِ، أو موتَ قَريبِه أَوْ رَفِيقِه ومَنْ يُمرِّضهما، أو خاف على نفسه ضررًا أو سلطانًا أو مُلازمةَ غَريمِه ولا شيءَ معه، أو فواتَ رُفْقتِه بسفرٍ، أَوْ تَطويلَ إِمامٍ، أو أذىً بمطرٍ ونحوه، أو غَلَبَةَ نُعاسٍ ورِيحٍ بَاردةٍ شديدةٍ بليلةٍ مُظلمةٍ. بابُ صَلاةٍ أهلِ الأَعْذارِ تلزمُ مكتوبةٌ مريضًا قَائِمًا، فإن لم يَستطعْ فقاعدًا، فإنْ لم يستطعْ فعلَى
(١) الطاق: هو المحراب، قال المصنف -رَحِمَهُ اللهُ-: "إن منع ذلك مشاهدته .. لأنه مستتر عن بعض المأمومين، أشبه ما لو كان بينه وبينهم حجاب" اهـ. "شرح منتهى الإرادات" (١/ ٢٨٣ - ٢٨٤) (٢) في (ب) و (ج): " قعوده". (٣) قوله: "وإطالة قعوده مستقبل القبلة بعدها" ساقط من (أ). (٤) قوله: "إلا لحاجة" عائذٌ على قوله: "وإطالة قعوده مستقبل القبلة بعدها"، والحاجة هنا: كأن يكون ثَمَّ نساءٌ يُردن أن يخرجنَ. انظر: "هداية الراغب" (ص ١٦٨، ط. مخلوف) (٥) جمع سارية، وهي: أسطوانات وأعمدة المسجد.

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