He then continues: “O Allah, I seek refuge in Your pleasure from Your wrath, in Your pardon from Your punishment, and I seek refuge in You from Yourself. I cannot enumerate Your praise; You are exactly as You have praised Yourself. O Allah, send blessings upon Muhammad.” When he finishes, he passes his hands over his face.

Performing the qunūt is disliked in any prayer other than the witr.

The tarāwīḥ in Ramadan consist of twenty rakʿahs. Performing them in congregation at the beginning of the night is preferable. Anyone who habitually stands for tahajjud should delay his witr until after that; otherwise, he performs the witr with his imam.

The regular sunnah prayers are: two rakʿahs before ẓuhr and two after it; two after maghrib; two after ʿishāʾ; and two before ṣubḥ (fajr), the last being the most emphatic. Whoever misses any of these may make them up, which is recommended.

Night prayer is superior to daytime voluntary prayer, and the best time for it is the third of the night that follows its halfway point.

All voluntary prayers, by night or day, are offered in sets of two rakʿahs. If a person wishes to perform four at once during the day, there is no objection. The reward of one who prays sitting is half that of one who stands.

The ḍuḥā prayer is recommended now and then; its minimum is two rakʿahs, its maximum eight.

Also recommended are: the istikhāra (prayer for guidance), the two-rakʿah prayer after ablution, the greeting of the mosque, and the prostration of recitation when the reciter and listener are separated by only a brief pause; the listener does not prostrate if the reciter does not.

There are fourteen prostration verses in the Qur’an, two of them in Sūrat al-Ḥajj. At each one he pronounces the takbīr upon going down and upon rising, then sits and gives salām without tashahhud. In audible recitation, the follower must follow his imam.

A prostration of gratitude is recommended whenever a new blessing is granted or a harm is lifted. If someone who is neither ignorant nor forgetful performs it within the course of a prayer, that prayer is invalidated.